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Example: RPL12P6, GAPDH, ENSG00000237984

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Summary

Retrocopy Name MRPS21P6
Plot displaying the genomic locations of a retrocopy (in chr10) and its respective parental gene (in chr1). Each line represents a retrocopy.
Species Homo sapiens
Coordinates (hg38) chr10:125166627-125167395  UCSC
Coordinates (T2T) chr10:126047655-126048423  UCSC
Coordinates (hg19) chr10:126855196-126855964  UCSC
Strand +
Parental Sequence NM_031901.6
Parental seq. overlap 475 bp
Parental seq. overlap (%) 43.8%
Genomic Region Intergenic
Retrocopy Summary MRPS21P6, located on chr10:125166627-125167395, is a retrocopy of the parental gene MRPS21. Retrocopies of protein-coding genes, also known as processed pseudogenes, are intriguing genomic elements with implications in genome evolution and diseases. While some retrocopies are non-functional, there are examples of retrocopies (retrogenes) acquiring regulatory roles or exhibiting neofunctionalization unrelated to their parental genes.

Parental Gene

Gene Name MRPS21
Full Name mitochondrial ribosomal protein S21
Also known as MDS016|MRP-S21|RPMS21
Coordinate chr1:150293842-150308979
Strand +
Gene summary Mammalian mitochondrial ribosomal proteins are encoded by nuclear genes and help in protein synthesis within the mitochondrion. Mitochondrial ribosomes (mitoribosomes) consist of a small 28S subunit and a large 39S subunit. They have an estimated 75% protein to rRNA composition compared to prokaryotic ribosomes, where this ratio is reversed. Another difference between mammalian mitoribosomes and prokaryotic ribosomes is that the latter contain a 5S rRNA. Among different species, the proteins comprising the mitoribosome differ greatly in sequence, and sometimes in biochemical properties, which prevents easy recognition by sequence homology. This gene encodes a 28S subunit protein that belongs to the ribosomal protein S21P family. Pseudogenes corresponding to this gene are found on chromosomes 1p, 1q, 9p, 10p, 10q, 16q, and 17q. Available sequence data analyses identified splice variants that differ in the 5' UTR; both transcripts encode the same protein. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

Homology

Species Scientific Name Retrocopy
Chimpanzee Pan troglodytes MRPS21P4
Bonobo Pan paniscus MRPS21P5
Gorilla Gorilla gorilla MRPS21P5
Orangutan Pongo abelii MRPS21P4
Gibbon Nomascus leucogenys MRPS21P2
Green monkey Chlorocebus sabaeus MRPS21P2
Crab-eating macaque Macaca fascicularis MRPS21P4
Rhesus Macaca mulatta MRPS21P4
Baboon Papio anubis MRPS21P5
Golden snub-nosed monkey Rhinopithecus roxellana MRPS21P4
Marmoset Callithrix jacchus Without Homology
Mouse lemur Microcebus murinus Without Homology
Mouse Mus musculus Without Homology
Rat Rattus norvegicus Without Homology
Chinese hamster Cricetulus griseus Without Homology
Rabbit Oryctolagus cuniculus Without Homology
Pig Sus scrofa Without Homology
Cow Bos taurus Without Homology
Sheep Ovis aries Without Homology
Dolphin Tursiops truncatus Without Homology
Horse Equus caballus Without Homology
Dog Canis familiaris Without Homology
Panda Ailuropoda melanoleuca Without Homology
Cat Felis catus Without Homology
Pale spear-nosed bat Phyllostomus discolor Without Homology
Velvety free-tailed bat Molossus molossus Without Homology
Greater mouse-eared bat Myotis myotis Without Homology
Kuhl's pipistrelle Pipistrellus kuhlii Without Homology
Greater horseshoe bat Rhinolophus ferrumequinum Without Homology
Egyptian rousette Rousettus aegyptiacus Without Homology
Sloth Choloepus didactylus Without Homology
Tasmanian Devil Sarcophilus harrisii Without Homology
Opossum Monodelphis domestica Without Homology
Platypus Ornithorhynchus anatinus Without Homology
Chicken Gallus gallus Without Homology
Turkey Meleagris gallopavo Without Homology
Zebra Finch Taeniopygia guttata Without Homology
Budgerigar Melopsittacus undulatus Without Homology
Painted Turtle Chrysemys picta Without Homology
Lizard Anolis Carolinensis Without Homology
Frog Xenopus tropicalis Without Homology
Zebrafish Danio rerio Without Homology
Drosophila Drosophila melanogaster Without Homology

Expression

Related Sequence

>MRPS21P6
GGGTACTGAGCGCGTCAGGCTCTACAGAGTGAAGACTTAAATCCAAGGTCATGGCCAGACATCTGGAGTTCATCGCCAGGACTGTGATGGCACAGGAAGGGAATGTGGAAAGCGCACACAGGACCCTAAACAGAATCCTAACTATGGATGGGCTCATTGAGGACATTAGGCGTCGGCGGTATTGTGAGAAGCCATGCCACCGGCTGCAGAGGGAAAGCTATGAGAGGTGCCGGCTGATCTATAGCACGGAAATGGCTCGCAATATCAACTTCTTGATGTAAAAGAATTGGGCAGATCTCTGGCAGGGCTGCTGAGGCCTGTGGATGGGACACCCAGTGTGAAACCCTCATCCAGTCGTGTCTCCATCTCGTTTCTTTGAACAATCCCATTTCCTATTACTGATCTCTGCGATAAACTCAATCCCATGTTGGCAAGAAGGCCTCCACATATAGAAACAATCCCGTTAGTCAGCAGTGGACCCTCTTTTACTAAGTGAAAGAAGAAACTGAGTCTGAAGTAATGTA
>NM_031901.6
GAGAACCCTTCCGGTGGGCTAGGTACTGAGCGCGCGAGGCTCTACAGAGTGAAGGTTTAAATCCAAGGTCATGGCAAAACATCTGAAGTTCATCGCCAGGACTGTGATGGTACAGGAAGGGAACGTGGAAAGCGCATACAGGACCCTAAACAGAATCCTCACTATGGATGGGCTCATTGAGGACATTAAGCATCGGCGGTATTATGAGAAGCCATGCTGCCGGCGACAGAGGGAAAGCTATGAAAGGTGCCGGCGGATCTACAACATGGAAATGGCTCGCAAGATCAACTTCTTGATGCGAAAGAATCGGGCAGATCCGTGGCAGGGCTGCTGAGGCCTGTGGGTGGGACACCCAGTGCGAAACCCTCATCCAGTTTTCTCTCCATCTCTTTTCTTTGTACAATCCCATTTCCTATTACCATTCTCTGCAATAAACTCAAATCACATGTCTGCAAGAAGGCCTCCAAATATAGAAACAATCCCATTAGTCAGCAGTGGACCCTGTCTTTTATTAAGTGAAAGAAGAAACTGAGTCTGAAAGTACTCTAGGagtagaatggtatttgccagggactggaggagggggcagtgaggagttattgtttaatgggtacagagtttcagtttgggcagatgaaaaagttcaggagacgatggcctggcatggtggctcacgcctgttatcccaacactttgggaggctgaggcgggcggctcacttgaggccaggagtttgagaccagcttggccaatgtggtgaaaccccatctctactaaaaatacaaaaaaaaattggccgggcgtggtggtgcacgcctgtaatcccagatacttgggtggctgaggcaggagaattgcttgaactggggaggaagaggttgcagtgagccaagatcatgccactgcactccaacctgggcgacagagtgagactccatctcaaaacaaaaaaacggagatggatgatgaatggtgatggcggttgctcaaaaagttgaatgtacttaatgccactgaactatacccttaaatggtcacgatggtaaattttgtgttttactacaataaaaaCTTTTTTGAAAGTC

Publications

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