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Example: RPL12P6, GAPDH, ENSG00000237984

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Summary

Retrocopy Name COX4I1P1
Plot displaying the genomic locations of a retrocopy (in chr14) and its respective parental gene (in chr16). Each line represents a retrocopy.
Species Homo sapiens
Coordinates (hg38) chr14:61831738-61832422  UCSC
Coordinates (T2T) chr14:56038943-56039627  UCSC
Coordinates (hg19) chr14:62298456-62299140  UCSC
Strand -
Parental Sequence NM_001861.6
Parental seq. overlap 610 bp
Parental seq. overlap (%) 79.4%
Genomic Region Intragenic (SYT16)
Retrocopy Summary COX4I1P1, located on chr14:61831738-61832422, is a retrocopy of the parental gene COX4I1. Retrocopies of protein-coding genes, also known as processed pseudogenes, are intriguing genomic elements with implications in genome evolution and diseases. While some retrocopies are non-functional, there are examples of retrocopies (retrogenes) acquiring regulatory roles or exhibiting neofunctionalization unrelated to their parental genes.

Parental Gene

Gene Name COX4I1
Full Name cytochrome c oxidase subunit 4I1
Also known as COX IV-1|COX4|COX4-1|COXIV|COXIV-1|MC4DN16
Coordinate chr16:85799695-85807068
Strand +
Gene summary Cytochrome c oxidase (COX) is the terminal enzyme of the mitochondrial respiratory chain. It is a multi-subunit enzyme complex that couples the transfer of electrons from cytochrome c to molecular oxygen and contributes to a proton electrochemical gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane. The complex consists of 13 mitochondrial- and nuclear-encoded subunits. The mitochondrially-encoded subunits perform the electron transfer and proton pumping activities. The functions of the nuclear-encoded subunits are unknown but they may play a role in the regulation and assembly of the complex. This gene encodes the nuclear-encoded subunit IV isoform 1 of the human mitochondrial respiratory chain enzyme. It is located at the 3' of the NOC4 (neighbor of COX4) gene in a head-to-head orientation, and shares a promoter with it. Pseudogenes related to this gene are located on chromosomes 13 and 14. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2016]

Homology

Species Scientific Name Retrocopy
Chimpanzee Pan troglodytes COX4I1P2
Bonobo Pan paniscus LOC100969890P2
Gorilla Gorilla gorilla LOC101151536P2
Orangutan Pongo abelii COX4I1P2
Gibbon Nomascus leucogenys LOC100597359P1
Green monkey Chlorocebus sabaeus LOC103233412P4
Crab-eating macaque Macaca fascicularis LOC102144280P2
Rhesus Macaca mulatta COX4I1P2
Baboon Papio anubis LOC101019045P2
Golden snub-nosed monkey Rhinopithecus roxellana LOC104656020P1
Marmoset Callithrix jacchus LOC100404859P4
Mouse lemur Microcebus murinus Without Homology
Mouse Mus musculus Without Homology
Rat Rattus norvegicus Without Homology
Chinese hamster Cricetulus griseus Without Homology
Rabbit Oryctolagus cuniculus Without Homology
Pig Sus scrofa Without Homology
Cow Bos taurus Without Homology
Sheep Ovis aries Without Homology
Dolphin Tursiops truncatus Without Homology
Horse Equus caballus Without Homology
Dog Canis familiaris Without Homology
Panda Ailuropoda melanoleuca Without Homology
Cat Felis catus Without Homology
Pale spear-nosed bat Phyllostomus discolor Without Homology
Velvety free-tailed bat Molossus molossus Without Homology
Greater mouse-eared bat Myotis myotis Without Homology
Kuhl's pipistrelle Pipistrellus kuhlii Without Homology
Greater horseshoe bat Rhinolophus ferrumequinum Without Homology
Egyptian rousette Rousettus aegyptiacus Without Homology
Sloth Choloepus didactylus Without Homology
Tasmanian Devil Sarcophilus harrisii Without Homology
Opossum Monodelphis domestica Without Homology
Platypus Ornithorhynchus anatinus Without Homology
Chicken Gallus gallus Without Homology
Turkey Meleagris gallopavo Without Homology
Zebra Finch Taeniopygia guttata Without Homology
Budgerigar Melopsittacus undulatus Without Homology
Painted Turtle Chrysemys picta Without Homology
Lizard Anolis Carolinensis Without Homology
Frog Xenopus tropicalis Without Homology
Zebrafish Danio rerio Without Homology
Drosophila Drosophila melanogaster Without Homology

Expression

Related Sequence

>COX4I1P1
GGTCGCGGGACACCGGGCATAGAGGGCGGCGGTGGTGGGGCAGCTGCGGCAGAATGTTGGCTACCAGGGTAGTTAGCCTAGTTGGCAAGCGAGCAATTTCCACCTTGGTGTCTGTACGAGCACACGGAAATGTTGTGAAGAGCGATGACTATGCGCTCCCAGCTTATGTGGATCGACGTGACTATCCCGTACCCGATGTGGCCCATGTCAAGCACCTGTCTGCCAGACAGAAAGCCGTGAAGAAGAAGGAGAAGGCCTCCTGGAGCAACCGCTCCACGGATGGGAAAGTCGAGTTGTATCACATTCAGTTCAAGGAGAGCTTTGCTGAGATGAACAGGGGCGTGAACGAGTGGAAGACGGTTGTGGGCGCTGCCATGTTCTTCCTTGGCTTCACGGCGTTCATTATCATCTGGGAGAAGCGCTGTGTGTACGGCCCCATCCCGCACACCTTTGACAAAGAGTGGGTGCCCATGCAGACCAAGAGGATGCTGGACATGAGGTGAACCCCTGCAGGGCTTCGCCAGCCAAGTGGGACTATGACAAGAACGAGTGGAAGAAGTGAGAGATGCTGTCCTGCTTTTGAGCCTTGCTCTGTCACCTCCATACTATAACTCCATGCCTATTTACTGGAAACCTGTTATGCCAAACAGTACCACTGCTAATAAATGACCAGTTTACCTGAAAG
>NM_001861.6
CTCTTCCGGTCGCGGGACACCGGGTGTAGAGGGCGGTCGCGGCGGGCAGTGGCGGCAGAATGTTGGCTACCAGGGTATTTAGCCTAGTTGGCAAGCGAGCAATTTCCACCTCTGTGTGTGTACGAGCTCATGAAAGTGTTGTGAAGAGCGAAGACTTTTCGCTCCCAGCTTATATGGATCGGCGTGACCACCCCTTGCCGGAGGTGGCCCATGTCAAGCACCTGTCTGCCAGCCAGAAGGCATTGAAGGAGAAGGAGAAGGCCTCCTGGAGCAGCCTCTCCATGGATGAGAAAGTCGAGTTGTATCGCATTAAGTTCAAGGAGAGCTTTGCTGAGATGAACAGGGGCTCGAACGAGTGGAAGACGGTTGTGGGCGGTGCCATGTTCTTCATCGGTTTCACCGCGCTCGTTATCATGTGGCAGAAGCACTATGTGTACGGCCCCCTCCCGCAAAGCTTTGACAAAGAGTGGGTGGCCAAGCAGACCAAGAGGATGCTGGACATGAAGGTGAACCCCATCCAGGGCTTAGCCTCCAAGTGGGACTACGAAAAGAACGAGTGGAAGAAGTGAGAGATGCTGGcctgcgcctgcacctgcgcctggctctgtcaccgccatgcaactccaTGCCTATTTACTGGAAACCTGTTATGCCAAACAGTTGTACCACTGCTAATAAATGACCAGTTTACCTGAAACCCTTTGTGATCAGTTCTTTAATGATACCTAAATGAAAGCTAATTAAAACAATAGGTTTCTCCCAA

Publications

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