Imagem 1

Example: RPL12P6, GAPDH, ENSG00000237984

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Summary

Retrocopy Name PRKAR1AP1
Plot displaying the genomic locations of a retrocopy (in chr1) and its respective parental gene (in chr17). Each line represents a retrocopy.
Species Homo sapiens
Coordinates (hg38) chr1:92125164-92128026  UCSC
Coordinates (T2T) chr1:91970020-91972882  UCSC
Coordinates (hg19) chr1:92590721-92593583  UCSC
Strand +
Parental Sequence NM_212471.3
Parental seq. overlap 2214 bp
Parental seq. overlap (%) 51.2%
Genomic Region Intragenic (BTBD8)
Retrocopy Summary PRKAR1AP1, located on chr1:92125164-92128026, is a retrocopy of the parental gene PRKAR1A. Retrocopies of protein-coding genes, also known as processed pseudogenes, are intriguing genomic elements with implications in genome evolution and diseases. While some retrocopies are non-functional, there are examples of retrocopies (retrogenes) acquiring regulatory roles or exhibiting neofunctionalization unrelated to their parental genes.

Parental Gene

Gene Name PRKAR1A
Full Name protein kinase cAMP-dependent type I regulatory subunit alpha
Also known as ACRDYS1|ADOHR|CAR|CNC|CNC1|PKR1|PPNAD1|PRKAR1|TSE1
Coordinate chr17:68413623-68551316
Strand +
Gene summary cAMP is a signaling molecule important for a variety of cellular functions. cAMP exerts its effects by activating the cAMP-dependent protein kinase, which transduces the signal through phosphorylation of different target proteins. The inactive kinase holoenzyme is a tetramer composed of two regulatory and two catalytic subunits. cAMP causes the dissociation of the inactive holoenzyme into a dimer of regulatory subunits bound to four cAMP and two free monomeric catalytic subunits. Four different regulatory subunits and three catalytic subunits have been identified in humans. This gene encodes one of the regulatory subunits. This protein was found to be a tissue-specific extinguisher that down-regulates the expression of seven liver genes in hepatoma x fibroblast hybrids. Mutations in this gene cause Carney complex (CNC). This gene can fuse to the RET protooncogene by gene rearrangement and form the thyroid tumor-specific chimeric oncogene known as PTC2. A nonconventional nuclear localization sequence (NLS) has been found for this protein which suggests a role in DNA replication via the protein serving as a nuclear transport protein for the second subunit of the Replication Factor C (RFC40). Several alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding two different isoforms have been observed. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2013]

Homology

Species Scientific Name Retrocopy
Chimpanzee Pan troglodytes PRKAR1AP1
Bonobo Pan paniscus PRKAR1AP1
Gorilla Gorilla gorilla PRKAR1AP1
Orangutan Pongo abelii PRKAR1AP1
Gibbon Nomascus leucogenys PRKAR1AP1
Green monkey Chlorocebus sabaeus PRKAR1AP1
Crab-eating macaque Macaca fascicularis PRKAR1AP1
Rhesus Macaca mulatta PRKAR1AP1
Baboon Papio anubis PRKAR1AP1
Golden snub-nosed monkey Rhinopithecus roxellana PRKAR1AP1
Marmoset Callithrix jacchus Without Homology
Mouse lemur Microcebus murinus Without Homology
Mouse Mus musculus Without Homology
Rat Rattus norvegicus Without Homology
Chinese hamster Cricetulus griseus Without Homology
Rabbit Oryctolagus cuniculus Without Homology
Pig Sus scrofa Without Homology
Cow Bos taurus Without Homology
Sheep Ovis aries Without Homology
Dolphin Tursiops truncatus Without Homology
Horse Equus caballus Without Homology
Dog Canis familiaris Without Homology
Panda Ailuropoda melanoleuca Without Homology
Cat Felis catus Without Homology
Pale spear-nosed bat Phyllostomus discolor Without Homology
Velvety free-tailed bat Molossus molossus Without Homology
Greater mouse-eared bat Myotis myotis Without Homology
Kuhl's pipistrelle Pipistrellus kuhlii Without Homology
Greater horseshoe bat Rhinolophus ferrumequinum Without Homology
Egyptian rousette Rousettus aegyptiacus Without Homology
Sloth Choloepus didactylus Without Homology
Tasmanian Devil Sarcophilus harrisii Without Homology
Opossum Monodelphis domestica Without Homology
Platypus Ornithorhynchus anatinus Without Homology
Chicken Gallus gallus Without Homology
Turkey Meleagris gallopavo Without Homology
Zebra Finch Taeniopygia guttata Without Homology
Budgerigar Melopsittacus undulatus Without Homology
Painted Turtle Chrysemys picta Without Homology
Lizard Anolis Carolinensis Without Homology
Frog Xenopus tropicalis Without Homology
Zebrafish Danio rerio Without Homology
Drosophila Drosophila melanogaster Without Homology

Expression

Related Sequence

>PRKAR1AP1
GAGGGAGGTTGGAGGCAGAGTAGGGTGGACAGAGGAGCAGAGGAGAGAAGAGGGAAGCTCATGAAAGCCACGTGGAGAGGGAGTGAAGAGCAGAAGAAAGAATAGAGGGGACCTGAGACACTCAGAGAGAGACAGAACCATGGCGTCTGGTGACACTGCTGCCAGAGAGGAGGAGCATAGCCTTTGAGAATGTGAGCTCTACCTCCAGAAGCACAACATTCAGGCACTGCTCAAAGATTCTATTGTGCAGTTATGTACTGCTCAACCCGAGGGACTAATGGCATTCCTCAGGGAACACTTTGAGAGGCTGGAGAAGGAGGAGGCAAAACAAATTCACAATCTGCAGGAAGCAGGCACTTGTACAGAATTCAGGAGAATGAAATCTCTCCTCCTCCACCCAACCCAGTGGTTAAAGATCAGAGGTGACAAGGTACCGTCAGCACTGAAGTCTACATGGAGGAAGATGCCACATCATATGTTAGAAAGATTATACCAAAAGATTATAAGATTATACCAAAAGCCATTATAAGGCAATGTCTTTAGCCAAAGCCATTGAAAAGAATGTGCTGATTTCACATCTTGATGATAATGAGAGAAGTGATATATTTGATGCCATATTTCCATGTCTCCTTTATCACTGGAGAGAGACAGTGATTCTGCAAGGTGATGAAGGGGATAACTTCTAGGTGATTGAGCAAGGAGAGAGGGATGTCTGTGTCAATGATGAATGAGCAACCAGTGTTGAAGAAGGAGGGAGCTTTGGAGAATTTGTTTTGATTTATGGAACACCTAGAGTAGCCACTGTCAAAGCAAAGGCAAATGTGAAATGGTAGTGTATCAACCGAGGCAGCTGTAGAAGAATCCATATGGGAAGCACACTGAGAATGTGGAAGATGTATGAGGAATTCCTTAGTAAAGTGTCTATTTTAGAGTCTCTGGATAAGTGAAAGCATCTTACGGTAGCTGATACATGGGAACCAGTCAAGTTTGAAGATTGGCAGAAGATTGTGGTGCAGGGAGAACCAGGGGATGAGTTCCTTATTATTCTAGAGGGGCCAGCTGCTATGCTGCAACGTTGATAAGAAAATGAAGAGTTTGTTGAAGTGGGAAGATTGGGGCCTTCTGATTATTTTGGTGAATTTGCATTCCTGATGAATCACCCTCCTGCTGCCACAGTGGTTGTACATGGCCCCTTGAAGTACATTAAGCTGGACCAGCCTAGATTTGAATGTGCTCTTGCCCAGGCTCAGACCTCCTCAAACGAAACATCCAGCAGTACAACAGTTTTGTGTCACTGTCTGAAATCTGCCTCTTGGGCCTCCCTTTTCTCCTCTCCTCAATCCTCTTCACTCATGCAGACCGCTTTATTTTCGCTATTTGCAGTGCCAAATGGACACTGGCATCACAGCTTCTTGTCTGTTTATATATTAAAAGTTGCACTTATTGTACGGTTTTTAATTTGGAGCAGTAATTAAATGCTTGTACACAATTAAATAGAGTTTTATGGAGTCTTTGCTGTTACTGCTTCATTTTGGGCAATGTTAGCATTCAACCTCTGAGCAGTGAGTGCCATGCTTTTGGGTGAAGGCAGATCCCAGCATCAGTTGAATTACCATAGAGTAATGATGTAACAGTGTAAGATTTTTTTTTAACTGACATAACTTTCCGGTTTTAAGCATATTTAGACTGTGGCTATATATGCTGTATTTCTTTACAGAATAAATGATTTCTCATTAAGCTTTAAGGATTAGGAAAAATGGATACAGAAAAATCTTAATATAGTAGAAAAACATCTGCCTGTAATTAAACTAGTTTAACAGTGGAAAAATGCTCATTTTTCCACTCTTAAATTATCAGTGGGTATGATAAGTTTAGTTTCTTTTTTTAACCAGAATTTTTGTTTGCCAAGCTAATTTGCCTGGTTTTGTTTATATCTTGTTATTAACGTTTTCCCTCCAGTTCTGAAATATTTTTAGATGTGGCTATCTATACCTGCCTTTTAAGTTTGGAACCAAATCATAGACTGCGAATATTGGTTATGATTTAACTACATCTGCCTCTGCTCACAAATTCTGATTAGACCTTTATCCAGCTAGTGCCAAATATTGATCATATGCTGAATTGAGGATCAGAATTCGAGGTCTACACTCCTGGTTGTTAATTTAGAGCTTTTGGTTAATGTACCTCCTTCAGTTGACTCTAGTATGATCTCCTATGCTTATCAAGCTGATTCCAGGAGATTGAATTTGCTACAACTAGATTCAGTTGGAACGAAAGTCATAACAGAAATGGAGGTGATATTGCTAAAGGGAGAAGTGTCAAGCTGACAAAGTTCAGTGTCTGGAGTTTTTCCCCACTAAATTCACTGGGACATGAGATTTTGGAAGTTcGAAGCTTTTTACTTTAGCCTTTGTTCCTTCCTTTTTATTTCAACTAGAATTTCTGGTGGGTTGTGGGTAGGGTATGGTGTGTCTGTGTTTTTCAAATTGGTATAAAAGGCCATCCTGCTACAAGTCCTACTTTCCTATCTGGCATTTATTTCTCTAGCAAACTTTT
>NM_212471.3
AGAGGCGTCAAGGGAGGCCGGAGGGAGAGTGGGGTGGACAGAGGAGCGGAGGGACGAGAGGGAAGCGCACGATAGCTGCGCGGAGAGAGAGCGAAGAGCAGGCGGAGGAACAAAGGCGACCCAAGACACCCAGAGAGGGACAGAGAACCATGGAGTCTGGCAGTACCGCCGCCAGTGAGGAGGCACGCAGCCTTCGAGAATGTGAGCTCTACGTCCAGAAGCATAACATTCAAGCGCTGCTCAAAGATTCTATTGTGCAGTTGTGCACTGCTCGACCTGAGAGACCCATGGCATTCCTCAGGGAATACTTTGAGAGGTTGGAGAAGGAGGAGGCAAAACAGATTCAGAATCTGCAGAAAGCAGGCACTCGTACAGACTCAAGGGAGGATGAGATTTCTCCTCCTCCACCCAACCCAGTGGTTAAAGGTAGGAGGCGACGAGGTGCTATCAGCGCTGAGGTCTACACGGAGGAAGATGCGGCATCCTATGTTAGAAAGGTTATACCAAAAGATTACAAGACAATGGCCGCTTTAGCCAAAGCCATTGAAAAGAATGTGCTGTTTTCACATCTTGATGATAATGAGAGAAGTGATATTTTTGATGCCATGTTTTCGGTCTCCTTTATCGCAGGAGAGACTGTGATTCAGCAAGGTGATGAAGGGGATAACTTCTATGTGATTGATCAAGGAGAGACGGATGTCTATGTTAACAATGAATGGGCAACCAGTGTTGGGGAAGGAGGGAGCTTTGGAGAACTTGCTTTGATTTATGGAACACCGAGAGCAGCCACTGTCAAAGCAAAGACAAATGTGAAATTGTGGGGCATCGACCGAGACAGCTATAGAAGAATCCTCATGGGAAGCACACTGAGAAAGCGGAAGATGTATGAGGAATTCCTTAGTAAAGTCTCTATTTTAGAGTCTCTGGACAAGTGGGAACGTCTTACGGTAGCTGATGCATTGGAACCAGTGCAGTTTGAAGATGGGCAGAAGATTGTGGTGCAGGGAGAACCAGGGGATGAGTTCTTCATTATTTTAGAGGGGTCAGCTGCTGTGCTACAACGTCGGTCAGAAAATGAAGAGTTTGTTGAAGTGGGAAGATTGGGGCCTTCTGATTATTTTGGTGAAATTGCACTACTGATGAATCGTCCTCGTGCTGCCACAGTTGTTGCTCGTGGCCCCTTGAAGTGCGTTAAGCTGGACCGACCTAGATTTGAACGTGTTCTTGGCCCATGCTCAGACATCCTCAAACGAAACATCCAGCAGTACAACAGTTTTGTGTCACTGTCTGTCTGAAATCTGCCTCCTGTGCCTCCCTTTTCTCCTCTCCCCAATCCATGCTTCACTCATGCAAACTGCTTTATTTTCCCTACTTGCAGCGCCAAGTGGCCACTGGCATCGCAGCTTCCTGTCTGTTTATATATTGAAAGTTGCTTTTATTGCACCATTTTCAATTTGGAGCATTAACTAAATGCTCATACACAGTTAAATAAATAGAAAGAGTTCTATGGAGACTTTGCTGTTACTGCTTCTCTTTGTGCAGTGTTAGTATTCACCCTGGGCAGTGAGTGCCATGCTTTTTGGTGAGGGCAGATCCCAGCACCTATTGAATTACCATAGAGTAATGATGTAACAGTGCAAGATTTTTTTTTTAAGTGACATAATTGTCCAGTTATAAGCGTATTTAGACTGTGGCCATATATGCTGTATTTCTTTGTAGAATAAATGGTTTCTCATTAAACTCTAAAGATTAGGGAAAATGGATATAGAAAATCTTAGTATAGTAGAAAGACATCTGCCTGTAATTAAACTAGTTTAAGGGTGGAAAAATGCCCATTTTTGCTAATTATCAATGGGATATGATTGGTTCAGTTTTTTTTTTTCCAGAGTTGTTGTTTGCCAAGCTAATCTGCCTGGTTTTATTTATATCTTGTTATTAATGTTTCTTCTCCAATTCTGAAATACTTTTGAGTATGGCTATCTATACCTGCCTTTTAAGTTTGAAACTAACTCATAGATTGCAAATATTGGTTAGTATTTAACTACATCTGCCTCGGCTCACAAATTCCGATTAGACCTTTATCCAGCTAGTGCCAAATAATTGATCAGATGCTGAATTGAGAATAAGAATTTGAGGTCTACATTCTTGGTTGTTAATTTAGAGCGTTTGGTTAAAGTATGTCCTTCAGCTGACTCCAGTATAATCTCCTCTGCTCATTAAACTGATTCCAGGAGATTGGATTTGCTGTGACTAGATACAGATGGAGCAAATGTCCTAACAGAGAAATAGAGGTGATGCTGCTAAAGGGAGAAATGCCAGGCGGACAAAGTTCAGTGTCGGGAATTTTCCCCGTGACATTCACTGGGGCATGAGATTTTGGAAGAAGTTTTTTACTTTGGTTTAGTCTTTTTTTCCTTCCTTTTTATTCAGCTAGAATTTCTGGTGGGTTGATGGTAGGGTATAATGTGTCTGTGTTGCTTCAAATTGGTCTGAAAGGCTATCCTGCTGAAAGTCCTGCTTTCCTATCTAGCATTTATTTCTCTGGCAAACTTTTCTTTCTTTTCTTTTTTAAAGTAAACTTGTGTATTGAGTCTTAACTGTATTTCAGTATTTTCCAGCCTTATGTGTTACATTATTCCAATGATACCCAACAGTTTATTTTTATTATTTTTTTAAACAAAATTTCACAGTTCTGTAATGTAGGCACTTTTATTTTCATTGTGATTTATATATAAGGTAATGTAGGGTTATATTTGGGAGTGACTGCAAGCATTTTTCCATCTGTGTGCAACTAACTGACTCTGTTATTGATCCCTTCTCCTGCCCTTTCCCAGGTAATTTAAATTGGTCATGGTAGATTTTTTTCATAGATTTGAAAAACTTTTAGGTTGTTACCAAGTATGAAGTATAAATCTGGGGAAGAGGTTTTATTTACATTTTAGGGTGGGTAAGAAAGCCACCTTGTTACAAATTTTTTAATTTCCAAAATAATCTATATTAAATGAGGGTTTCTGATCTGTACTTTGTGTTTAGCTACCTTTTTATATTTAAAAAATTAAAAATGAAAATTACGTTCTTACAAGCTTAAAGCTTGATTTGATCTTTGTTTAAATGCCAAAATGTACTTAAATGAGTTACTTAGAATGCCATAAAATTGCAGTTTCATGTATGTATATAATCATGCTCATGTATATTTAGTTACGTATAATGCTTTCTGAGTGAGTTTTACTCTTAAATCATTTGGTTAAATCATTTGGCTTGCTGTTTACTCCCTTCTGTAGTTTTTAATTAAAAACTTTAAAGATAAGTCTACATTAAACAATGATCACATCTAAAGCTTTATCTTTGTGTAATCTAAGTATATGTGAGAAATCAGAATTGGCATAATTTGTCTTAGTTGATATTCAAGGCTTTAAAAGTCATTATTCCTGGGCTTGGTAAGTGAATTTATGAGATTTACTGCTCTAGAAAGTATAGATGGCCAAAGGACCGTTTTGTATTGCTTCCTGATTACCAGTCTGATTATACCATGTGTGCTAATATACTTTTTTTGTTATAGATTGTCTTAATGGTAGGTCAAGTAATAAAAAGAGATGAAATAATTTAAATTCTTAAATGAATCAGTTTTTCttccctttctcctttccgtctttcctctctctgtccttccCCGAAAGTCTACTCGGGTGGGCAAAAATGAAAAGGGGGAAAGTGAATTATGGGATCGGTGTTTTGAAAGAGCAATGTTTATTTTCAGTGCTTTTCAGTTTGTCAAAGAGTGGATCTCAAAATCTTGCTTAAAGGGTAATTGAGATGTAGCAGATTTATTTACTTAGTCATGGAAAGAAAAAAATTCAGTCAAAAGCTAAAGATTTCCTTTTGATTGAAGACAGATTGGTTCTGTGGCCTTGGAACTTTCCCAGACTTAATGGGGAAACATCATTTCTAGATTAGCATACTCTTTGGTTTAAATTTAATATATACATTTAATGTTACTTAGGGATACTTTTATATTTTGCATATATAAAGCCTCATATATAAAGCCTTATTTCTGATGCTCTTAGATTTCTGAGGAGTGAGATGATTAAGTTGTATTCATTAGTGTATTGGTATTTCTTCACATCCAGTGAAATTGGAGATATGTTGTATGTTAGAAGAGCATTCTTTAAATTGTGTTGCTTTGAACATGTGTACCTTTTCTAGATTCAGTAATCCCTTCCCCCCGTCCTCTGGAGTATGAAACCTTTAGAGTCACAATAAAATGTAACTAAAGAAAA

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