RCPedia: Rtcs

Summary

Retrocopy Name	GSTM3P2	Plot displaying the genomic locations of a retrocopy (in chr2) and its respective parental gene (in chr1). Each line represents a retrocopy.
Species	Homo sapiens
Coordinates (hg38)	chr2:159055953-159056973 UCSC
Coordinates (T2T)	chr2:159518005-159519025 UCSC
Coordinates (hg19)	chr2:159912465-159913485 UCSC
Strand	-
Parental Sequence	NM_000849.5
Parental seq. overlap	529 bp
Parental seq. overlap (%)	12.6%
Genomic Region	Intragenic (TANC1)
Retrocopy Summary	GSTM3P2, located on chr2:159055953-159056973, is a retrocopy of the parental gene GSTM3. Retrocopies of protein-coding genes, also known as processed pseudogenes, are intriguing genomic elements with implications in genome evolution and diseases. While some retrocopies are non-functional, there are examples of retrocopies (retrogenes) acquiring regulatory roles or exhibiting neofunctionalization unrelated to their parental genes.

Parental Gene

Gene Name	GSTM3
Full Name	glutathione S-transferase mu 3
Also known as	GST5\|GSTB\|GSTM3-3\|GTM3
Coordinate	chr1:109733937-109741038
Strand	-
Gene summary	Cytosolic and membrane-bound forms of glutathione S-transferase are encoded by two distinct supergene families. At present, eight distinct classes of the soluble cytoplasmic mammalian glutathione S-transferases have been identified: alpha, kappa, mu, omega, pi, sigma, theta and zeta. This gene encodes a glutathione S-transferase that belongs to the mu class. The mu class of enzymes functions in the detoxification of electrophilic compounds, including carcinogens, therapeutic drugs, environmental toxins and products of oxidative stress, by conjugation with glutathione. The genes encoding the mu class of enzymes are organized in a gene cluster on chromosome 1p13.3 and are known to be highly polymorphic. These genetic variations can change an individual's susceptibility to carcinogens and toxins as well as affect the toxicity and efficacy of certain drugs. Mutations of this class mu gene have been linked with a slight increase in a number of cancers, likely due to exposure with environmental toxins. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2008]

Homology

Species	Scientific Name	Retrocopy
Chimpanzee	Pan troglodytes	GSTM3P1
Bonobo	Pan paniscus	GSTM3P1
Gorilla	Gorilla gorilla	GSTM3P1
Orangutan	Pongo abelii	GSTM3P1
Gibbon	Nomascus leucogenys	GSTM3P2
Green monkey	Chlorocebus sabaeus	GSTM3P2
Crab-eating macaque	Macaca fascicularis	GSTM3P2
Rhesus	Macaca mulatta	GSTM3P2
Baboon	Papio anubis	GSTM3P1
Golden snub-nosed monkey	Rhinopithecus roxellana	GSTM3P2
Marmoset	Callithrix jacchus	GSTM3P3
Mouse lemur	Microcebus murinus	Without Homology
Mouse	Mus musculus	Without Homology
Rat	Rattus norvegicus	Without Homology
Chinese hamster	Cricetulus griseus	Without Homology
Rabbit	Oryctolagus cuniculus	Without Homology
Pig	Sus scrofa	Without Homology
Cow	Bos taurus	Without Homology
Sheep	Ovis aries	Without Homology
Dolphin	Tursiops truncatus	Without Homology
Horse	Equus caballus	Without Homology
Dog	Canis familiaris	Without Homology
Panda	Ailuropoda melanoleuca	Without Homology
Cat	Felis catus	Without Homology
Pale spear-nosed bat	Phyllostomus discolor	Without Homology
Velvety free-tailed bat	Molossus molossus	Without Homology
Greater mouse-eared bat	Myotis myotis	Without Homology
Kuhl's pipistrelle	Pipistrellus kuhlii	Without Homology
Greater horseshoe bat	Rhinolophus ferrumequinum	Without Homology
Egyptian rousette	Rousettus aegyptiacus	Without Homology
Sloth	Choloepus didactylus	Without Homology
Tasmanian Devil	Sarcophilus harrisii	Without Homology
Opossum	Monodelphis domestica	Without Homology
Platypus	Ornithorhynchus anatinus	Without Homology
Chicken	Gallus gallus	Without Homology
Turkey	Meleagris gallopavo	Without Homology
Zebra Finch	Taeniopygia guttata	Without Homology
Budgerigar	Melopsittacus undulatus	Without Homology
Painted Turtle	Chrysemys picta	Without Homology
Lizard	Anolis Carolinensis	Without Homology
Frog	Xenopus tropicalis	Without Homology
Zebrafish	Danio rerio	Without Homology
Drosophila	Drosophila melanogaster	Without Homology

Expression

Related Sequence

>GSTM3P2
TAAAAACCAACCCTGAAACCTCAGTACTTGGAACAGCTACCTGAACAACTGAAACAATTCTCCATGTTCCTGGGAGAAATTCTCATGGTTTGCAGGGGAAAGCTCACCTTTGTGGATTTTCCCATCTATGACGTCCTGGATCAAAAGTGCATGTTTGAGCCCAAGTGCCTGGATGAGTTCCCACATCTTAAGGCTTTCATGTGCCGTTGAGGCTTTGGAGAAAATTGCTGCCTACATGCAGTCTGACTGCTTCTTGAAGATGCCTATCAACAACAAGATGGCCCAGTGGGGCAACAAGCTTTTATGCTGAGCTAGAGGCAGACTTGCACTGCTAGTTTTGTTTCATCCGTCTATGGTTCTGGGTTAGTGGAATATTTGCGGGCTGGCACACACCATTTGCCTGCTCCTGTAGTTCACGGATATGTCCTATGAGGAGAAATGGTACACATGCCAGGAAACTCCTATGATTGAAGCCAATGGCTGGATGTGATATTCAAGCTAGACCTGGACTTTCCTAATCTGCCCAACTTCATGGACGGGAAGAACAAGGTCACCCAGAGCAATGCCATCTTGTGCTACACTGCTGGCAAGCACATGTGTGGTAAGACTGAAAAGATTCAAGTGGACATTTTAGAGAACCAAGCAACCAGTTTCTGCACACAACTGATACAGTGCTGTTACAACTCTGACCATGAAAAACTGAAACCTg

>NM_000849.5
GGTTGGTTCTGAGAAGGCTTCAAGGAATAGGCAGACATTTCAGCAAGGCTGCTGAGGAAGGATAGGCTGTGGAAATTAGGATGCAGCACTCCTGCCCGGGTCCCGCCTCGGGGTCGCCAGGCCCTGAACCCCAACGCCGGCATTAGTCGCGCCTGCGCACGGCCCTGTGGAGCCgcggaggcaagggacggagaacggggcggaggcggagtcagggcgCCCGCGCGTGGGCCCCGCCCCCTTATGTCGGGTATAAAGCCCCTCCCGCTCACAGTTTCCCTAGTCCTCGAAGGCTCGGAAGCCCGTCACCATGTCGTGCGAGTCGTCTATGGTTCTCGGGTACTGGGATATTCGTGGGCTGGCGCACGCCATCCGCCTGCTCCTGGAGTTCACGGATACCTCTTATGAGGAGAAACGGTACACGTGCGGGGAAGCTCCTGACTATGATCGAAGCCAATGGCTGGATGTGAAATTCAAGCTAGACCTGGACTTTCCTAATCTGCCCTACCTCCTGGATGGGAAGAACAAGATCACCCAGAGCAATGCCATCTTGCGCTACATCGCTCGCAAGCACAACATGTGTGGTGAGACTGAAGAAGAAAAGATTCGAGTGGACATCATAGAGAACCAAGTAATGGATTTCCGCACACAACTGATAAGGCTCTGTTACAGCTCTGACCACGAAAAACTGAAGCCTCAGTACTTGGAAGAGCTACCTGGACAACTGAAACAATTCTCCATGTTTCTGGGGAAATTCTCATGGTTTGCCGGGGAAAAGCTCACCTTTGTGGATTTTCTCACCTATGATATCTTGGATCAGAACCGTATATTTGACCCCAAGTGCCTGGATGAGTTCCCAAACCTGAAGGCTTTCATGTGCCGTTTTGAGGCTTTGGAGAAAATCGCTGCCTACTTACAGTCTGATCAGTTCTGCAAGATGCCCATCAACAACAAGATGGCCCAGTGGGGCAACAAGCCTGTATGCTGAGCAGGAGGCAGACTTGCAGAGCTTGTTTTGTTTCATCCTGTCCGTAAGGGGTCAGCGCTCTTGCTTTGCTCTTTTCAATGAATAGCACTTATGTTACTGGTGTCCAGCTGAGTTTCTCTTGGGTATAAAGGCTAAAAGGGAAAAAGGATATGTGGAGAATCATCAAGATATGAATTGAATCGCTGCGATACTGGCATTTCCCTACTCCCCAACTGAGTTCAAGGGCTGTAGGTTCATGCCCAAGCCCTGAGAGTGGGTACTAGAAAAAACGAGATTGCACAGTTGGAGAGAGCAGGTGTGTTAAATGGGACTGGAGTCCCTGTGAAGACTGGGTGAGGATAACACAAGTAAAACTGTGGTACTGATGGACTTAACCGGAGTTCGGAAACCGTCCTGTGTACACATGGGAGTTTAGTGTGATAAAGGCAGTATTTCAGACTGGTGGGCTAGCCAATAGAGTTGGGACAATTGCTTACTCATTAAAAATAATAGAGCCCCACTTGACACTATTCACTAAAATTAATCTGGAATTTAAGGCCCAACATTAAACACAAAGCTGTTGAAATATTGATGAAAATGTAAGAATTTTTGTGACCACGGGGTAGGAGAAGTTTCTTTAAAGACGTAAAAAGAAAAAAACCATAGgctgctctgcctgtggagtagccattctttattcttttactttttaaaataataaCAATCACAAAGGAAAGATTTGCCAATTGAATAGGATCAAATTCTACAACTTTTCCTAAGGCACCCACAAATAAATGACAAGTGAGACAAAAAGCACTAGTATAAAGATTATATAAAGACCTATAAATCATTAAGACAACTGAGTTTTTAAAAATGGACAAAATCCATGAACAATTTATAAAATAGAAATATAGCCAAAAATGTCTAAAAGATGTTTATGATGTAAGGAATTATCAATTacaacagtgagaaaccatatttccttctatccgatgagtaaaaagtttctaaagtgttggcaaggcttaggaaagtgatatgcatttcctgctggtcaagttgtaaattagtatagctactttggaggacaattgtaaaatttaaatcatatcctatgacccagcaattccatgctataaaaactcatccatggccgggcttggtggctcacgcctgtaatcccagcactttgggaggctgaggtgggcagatcacgaggtcaagagatcgagaccatcctggccaacatgatgaaaccccgtttctactaaaaatacaaaaattagctgggcatggtggcatgtgcctatagtcccagctactcaggaggctgaggcaggagaattgcttgaacctgggaggcagaggttgcagtgagccgagatcacgccactgcactccagcctggctacagggcgagactctgtctcaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaacattcaaagagacatatactaagatgttcactgtggcattgtctgtaatgacaaataagtggaaaccgtgtaaatacctgtcaatactatggagtaccatgtggcaacggaagaatgagactgaactgtgtgaactaacatgcaaagatccccaaaacaggccaggtgtggttgctcacagctgtaataacaacaccttcagaggctgaggtgagaggatcagttgaggccaggagtttaagaccagcctgggcaacatagtgagacccctgtctcccaaaaattttttttaattagctgtgcgcaattgctcatgcatagtcccagctacccaggaggctgaggtgggaggatcacttgagcccaggaatttgaagctgcagtgagctgtgttcttgccactgcactccaatctgggtgactgagcaagaccctgtctcttaaaaaaataaaaaaGATCTCCAAgcatagagaagagtctggagggaaacaccaaactcataacagtcttactgcaggcaagtgggataaaggcccagactccatggtggaagttaaagggcatttccaagttaaggctaagacttgcttttctaactaagagaatgtgctcatgcattgcttgtgtagtagaaactagtttttagaaAAGAAAGCAAACTTAAGAAACACTGACTCCTGTGGAGATGACTTGGCACCACTCTCCTTTCACAGAGCAGAGTCTGAATAGTCTTCAGAGATAGGCCTGTGGGCCAGATTGCCATCCCCTATGGACCAGAAGCCAAGGATCTCTCTAGTGATGGTCAGAGGGCCCAAATGGCAGGGATACCCAGTGATGTCAGGAGGAATAGTACAGACAGAAGGTGCTAAGCAGACAATTCAACTGCCATGTTTTGCCACCCCCTGTGAGCAGGGATTAGGTGTTCAGGCCAGTATCTTGGGCATGGGGGAGCCTTTGGCCAGAAGAGGTATAAAGCTCAGAAGTTTTTCAGTCTGATAACTATTGATATAATTTCCATAGTGTGAGGGAGCGGTATGCTCTACCCTTGTGTATTTAAGGCAGGACAGAGAAATTGAGGATGCCCCTGGGGCTAGATCGATGATATGACCAGAAATCAAAAAGGGAATGCAttatttattgctgtgtaacactgttaagagaggaggtagttaagggatggataggcacatagagagggaaggtctcaggagaagggatagaaaggaactatgttcacaagaacaacggcaagacagtgcctatactgcctctacagttaataggaaaaacggaagaagttacccttaagctaggatgttgctcagaagtgaccatcccaactttggtgcgggcacaataaatcagcctaaatgtccctaatttaacccagctcattataatgtcattaaacatgacattagcattgtggttttagcacccccatgggttttgcttaggcactcatgggtaataaccaagatggagtccctttggcaaaacttaggcatgcacagctgtagtaccccaagaagaaaatgttacttctctcatctgggcaaaacccacagaagacttcccagcttctgccacataaaagacacagaacacagacgccttactggcaacctgctttcaagacccctgtctttgctgagagctttcctttttcccaataaattctactctgccctactca

>NM_000849.5 

GGTTGGTTCTGAGAAGGCTTCAAGGAATAGGCAGACATTTCAGCAAGGCTGCTGAGGAAGGATAGGCTGTGGAAATTAGGATGCAGCACTCCTGCCCGGGTCCCGCCTCGGGGTCGCCAGGCCCTGAACCCCAACGCCGGCATTAGTCGCGCCTGCGCACGGCCCTGTGGAGCCgcggaggcaagggacggagaacggggcggaggcggagtcagggcgCCCGCGCGTGGGCCCCGCCCCCTTATGTCGGGTATAAAGCCCCTCCCGCTCACAGTTTCCCTAGTCCTCGAAGGCTCGGAAGCCCGTCACCATGTCGTGCGAGTCGTCTATGGTTCTCGGGTACTGGGATATTCGTGGGCTGGCGCACGCCATCCGCCTGCTCCTGGAGTTCACGGATACCTCTTATGAGGAGAAACGGTACACGTGCGGGGAAGCTCCTGACTATGATCGAAGCCAATGGCTGGATGTGAAATTCAAGCTAGACCTGGACTTTCCTAATCTGCCCTACCTCCTGGATGGGAAGAACAAGATCACCCAGAGCAATGCCATCTTGCGCTACATCGCTCGCAAGCACAACATGTGTGGTGAGACTGAAGAAGAAAAGATTCGAGTGGACATCATAGAGAACCAAGTAATGGATTTCCGCACACAACTGATAAGGCTCTGTTACAGCTCTGACCACGAAAAACTGAAGCCTCAGTACTTGGAAGAGCTACCTGGACAACTGAAACAATTCTCCATGTTTCTGGGGAAATTCTCATGGTTTGCCGGGGAAAAGCTCACCTTTGTGGATTTTCTCACCTATGATATCTTGGATCAGAACCGTATATTTGACCCCAAGTGCCTGGATGAGTTCCCAAACCTGAAGGCTTTCATGTGCCGTTTTGAGGCTTTGGAGAAAATCGCTGCCTACTTACAGTCTGATCAGTTCTGCAAGATGCCCATCAACAACAAGATGGCCCAGTGGGGCAACAAGCCTGTATGCTGAGCAGGAGGCAGACTTGCAGAGCTTGTTTTGTTTCATCCTGTCCGTAAGGGGTCAGCGCTCTTGCTTTGCTCTTTTCAATGAATAGCACTTATGTTACTGGTGTCCAGCTGAGTTTCTCTTGGGTATAAAGGCTAAAAGGGAAAAAGGATATGTGGAGAATCATCAAGATATGAATTGAATCGCTGCGATACTGGCATTTCCCTACTCCCCAACTGAGTTCAAGGGCTGTAGGTTCATGCCCAAGCCCTGAGAGTGGGTACTAGAAAAAACGAGATTGCACAGTTGGAGAGAGCAGGTGTGTTAAATGGGACTGGAGTCCCTGTGAAGACTGGGTGAGGATAACACAAGTAAAACTGTGGTACTGATGGACTTAACCGGAGTTCGGAAACCGTCCTGTGTACACATGGGAGTTTAGTGTGATAAAGGCAGTATTTCAGACTGGTGGGCTAGCCAATAGAGTTGGGACAATTGCTTACTCATTAAAAATAATAGAGCCCCACTTGACACTATTCACTAAAATTAATCTGGAATTTAAGGCCCAACATTAAACACAAAGCTGTTGAAATATTGATGAAAATGTAAGAATTTTTGTGACCACGGGGTAGGAGAAGTTTCTTTAAAGACGTAAAAAGAAAAAAACCATAGgctgctctgcctgtggagtagccattctttattcttttactttttaaaataataaCAATCACAAAGGAAAGATTTGCCAATTGAATAGGATCAAATTCTACAACTTTTCCTAAGGCACCCACAAATAAATGACAAGTGAGACAAAAAGCACTAGTATAAAGATTATATAAAGACCTATAAATCATTAAGACAACTGAGTTTTTAAAAATGGACAAAATCCATGAACAATTTATAAAATAGAAATATAGCCAAAAATGTCTAAAAGATGTTTATGATGTAAGGAATTATCAATTacaacagtgagaaaccatatttccttctatccgatgagtaaaaagtttctaaagtgttggcaaggcttaggaaagtgatatgcatttcctgctggtcaagttgtaaattagtatagctactttggaggacaattgtaaaatttaaatcatatcctatgacccagcaattccatgctataaaaactcatccatggccgggcttggtggctcacgcctgtaatcccagcactttgggaggctgaggtgggcagatcacgaggtcaagagatcgagaccatcctggccaacatgatgaaaccccgtttctactaaaaatacaaaaattagctgggcatggtggcatgtgcctatagtcccagctactcaggaggctgaggcaggagaattgcttgaacctgggaggcagaggttgcagtgagccgagatcacgccactgcactccagcctggctacagggcgagactctgtctcaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaacattcaaagagacatatactaagatgttcactgtggcattgtctgtaatgacaaataagtggaaaccgtgtaaatacctgtcaatactatggagtaccatgtggcaacggaagaatgagactgaactgtgtgaactaacatgcaaagatccccaaaacaggccaggtgtggttgctcacagctgtaataacaacaccttcagaggctgaggtgagaggatcagttgaggccaggagtttaagaccagcctgggcaacatagtgagacccctgtctcccaaaaattttttttaattagctgtgcgcaattgctcatgcatagtcccagctacccaggaggctgaggtgggaggatcacttgagcccaggaatttgaagctgcagtgagctgtgttcttgccactgcactccaatctgggtgactgagcaagaccctgtctcttaaaaaaataaaaaaGATCTCCAAgcatagagaagagtctggagggaaacaccaaactcataacagtcttactgcaggcaagtgggataaaggcccagactccatggtggaagttaaagggcatttccaagttaaggctaagacttgcttttctaactaagagaatgtgctcatgcattgcttgtgtagtagaaactagtttttagaaAAGAAAGCAAACTTAAGAAACACTGACTCCTGTGGAGATGACTTGGCACCACTCTCCTTTCACAGAGCAGAGTCTGAATAGTCTTCAGAGATAGGCCTGTGGGCCAGATTGCCATCCCCTATGGACCAGAAGCCAAGGATCTCTCTAGTGATGGTCAGAGGGCCCAAATGGCAGGGATACCCAGTGATGTCAGGAGGAATAGTACAGACAGAAGGTGCTAAGCAGACAATTCAACTGCCATGTTTTGCCACCCCCTGTGAGCAGGGATTAGGTGTTCAGGCCAGTATCTTGGGCATGGGGGAGCCTTTGGCCAGAAGAGGTATAAAGCTCAGAAGTTTTTCAGTCTGATAACTATTGATATAATTTCCATAGTGTGAGGGAGCGGTATGCTCTACCCTTGTGTATTTAAGGCAGGACAGAGAAATTGAGGATGCCCCTGGGGCTAGATCGATGATATGACCAGAAATCAAAAAGGGAATGCAttatttattgctgtgtaacactgttaagagaggaggtagttaagggatggataggcacatagagagggaaggtctcaggagaagggatagaaaggaactatgttcacaagaacaacggcaagacagtgcctatactgcctctacagttaataggaaaaacggaagaagttacccttaagctaggatgttgctcagaagtgaccatcccaactttggtgcgggcacaataaatcagcctaaatgtccctaatttaacccagctcattataatgtcattaaacatgacattagcattgtggttttagcacccccatgggttttgcttaggcactcatgggtaataaccaagatggagtccctttggcaaaacttaggcatgcacagctgtagtaccccaagaagaaaatgttacttctctcatctgggcaaaacccacagaagacttcccagcttctgccacataaaagacacagaacacagacgccttactggcaacctgctttcaagacccctgtctttgctgagagctttcctttttcccaataaattctactctgccctactca

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