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Example: RPL12P6, GAPDH, ENSG00000237984

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Summary

Retrocopy Name GAPDHP41
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Plot displaying the genomic locations of a retrocopy (in chr6) and its respective parental gene (in chr12). Each line represents a retrocopy.
Species Homo sapiens
Coordinates (hg38) chr6:60719196-60719547  UCSC
Coordinates (T2T) chr6:61887125-61887476  UCSC
Coordinates (hg19) chr6:57686943-57687294  UCSC
Strand -
Parental Sequence NM_001357943.2
Parental seq. overlap 300 bp
Parental seq. overlap (%) 24.3%
Genomic Region Intergenic
Retrocopy Summary GAPDHP41, located on chr6:60719196-60719547, is a retrocopy of the parental gene GAPDH. Retrocopies of protein-coding genes, also known as processed pseudogenes, are intriguing genomic elements with implications in genome evolution and diseases. While some retrocopies are non-functional, there are examples of retrocopies (retrogenes) acquiring regulatory roles or exhibiting neofunctionalization unrelated to their parental genes.

Parental Gene

Gene Name GAPDH
Full Name glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase
Also known as G3PD|GAPD|HEL-S-162eP
Coordinate chr12:6534517-6538371
Strand +
Gene summary This gene encodes a member of the glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase protein family. The encoded protein has been identified as a moonlighting protein based on its ability to perform mechanistically distinct functions. The product of this gene catalyzes an important energy-yielding step in carbohydrate metabolism, the reversible oxidative phosphorylation of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate in the presence of inorganic phosphate and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD). The encoded protein has additionally been identified to have uracil DNA glycosylase activity in the nucleus. Also, this protein contains a peptide that has antimicrobial activity against E. coli, P. aeruginosa, and C. albicans. Studies of a similar protein in mouse have assigned a variety of additional functions including nitrosylation of nuclear proteins, the regulation of mRNA stability, and acting as a transferrin receptor on the cell surface of macrophage. Many pseudogenes similar to this locus are present in the human genome. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2014]

Homology

Species Scientific Name Retrocopy
Chimpanzee Pan troglodytes GAPDHP24
Gorilla Gorilla gorilla GAPDHP24
Gibbon Nomascus leucogenys GAPDHP10
Green monkey Chlorocebus sabaeus GAPDHP31
Crab-eating macaque Macaca fascicularis GAPDHP15
Rhesus Macaca mulatta GAPDHP14
Baboon Papio anubis GAPDHP23
Golden snub-nosed monkey Rhinopithecus roxellana GAPDHP15
Bonobo Pan paniscus Without Homology
Orangutan Pongo abelii Without Homology
Marmoset Callithrix jacchus Without Homology
Mouse lemur Microcebus murinus Without Homology
Mouse Mus musculus Without Homology
Rat Rattus norvegicus Without Homology
Chinese hamster Cricetulus griseus Without Homology
Rabbit Oryctolagus cuniculus Without Homology
Pig Sus scrofa Without Homology
Cow Bos taurus Without Homology
Sheep Ovis aries Without Homology
Dolphin Tursiops truncatus Without Homology
Horse Equus caballus Without Homology
Dog Canis familiaris Without Homology
Panda Ailuropoda melanoleuca Without Homology
Cat Felis catus Without Homology
Pale spear-nosed bat Phyllostomus discolor Without Homology
Velvety free-tailed bat Molossus molossus Without Homology
Greater mouse-eared bat Myotis myotis Without Homology
Kuhl's pipistrelle Pipistrellus kuhlii Without Homology
Greater horseshoe bat Rhinolophus ferrumequinum Without Homology
Egyptian rousette Rousettus aegyptiacus Without Homology
Sloth Choloepus didactylus Without Homology
Tasmanian Devil Sarcophilus harrisii Without Homology
Opossum Monodelphis domestica Without Homology
Platypus Ornithorhynchus anatinus Without Homology
Chicken Gallus gallus Without Homology
Turkey Meleagris gallopavo Without Homology
Zebra Finch Taeniopygia guttata Without Homology
Budgerigar Melopsittacus undulatus Without Homology
Painted Turtle Chrysemys picta Without Homology
Lizard Anolis Carolinensis Without Homology
Frog Xenopus tropicalis Without Homology
Zebrafish Danio rerio Without Homology
Drosophila Drosophila melanogaster Without Homology

Expression

The Genotype-Tissue Expression project - (GTEx)

Massive Mining of Publicly Available RNA-seq Data from Human and Mouse - (ARCHS4)

Related Sequence

>GAPDHP41
CTCACTGGCATGGCCTTCTGTGTCCCCACTGCCAACATGTTGGTTGTGGACCTGACCTGCCATCTAAAGAAACCTGCCAAATATGGTAACACCAAGAAGGTAATGAAGGAGGCACGGAAGGGCCCCTCAAGAGCATCGTGGTGCTACACTGAGCACCAAGTTGTCTCCTCCAACTATAACAGTGACATCGACCTTCCACTTTCGACGTTGGGGCTGGCATTGTCCTCAGCGATAACTCTGTCAAGCTCATATTCTGATATGACAATGAATTTGGCTACAGCAACAGGGTGGTAGACTTTATGGTACACATGGCCTCCAAGGAGTAAGAGCCCCCTAGACCATCAGCCCCAGT
>NM_001357943.2
GCTCTCTGCTCCTCCTGTTCGACAGTCAGCCGCATCTTCTTTTGCGTCGCCAGCCGAGCCACATCGCTCAGACACCATGGGGAAGGTGAAGGTCGGAGTCAACGGATTTGGTCGTATTGGGCGCCTGGTCACCAGGGCTGCTTTTAACTCTGGTAAAGTGGATATTGTTGCCATCAATGACCCCTTCATTGACCTCAACTACATGGCTGAGAACGGGAAGCTTGTCATCAATGGAAATCCCATCACCATCTTCCAGGAGCGAGATCCCTCCAAAATCAAGTGGGGCGATGCTGGCGCTGAGTACGTCGTGGAGTCCACTGGCGTCTTCACCACCATGGAGAAGGCTGGGGCTCATTTGCAGGGGGGAGCCAAAAGGGTCATCATCTCTGCCCCCTCTGCTGATGCCCCCATGTTCGTCATGGGTGTGAACCATGAGAAGTATGACAACAGCCTCAAGATCATCAGCAATGCCTCCTGCACCACCAACTGCTTAGCACCCCTGGCCAAGGTCATCCATGACAACTTTGGTATCGTGGAAGGACTCATGACCACAGTCCATGCCATCACTGCCACCCAGAAGACTGTGGATGGCCCCTCCGGGAAACTGTGGCGTGATGGCCGCGGGGCTCTCCAGAACATCATCCCTGCCTCTACTGGCGCTGCCAAGGCTGTGGGCAAGGTCATCCCTGAGCTGAACGGGAAGCTCACTGGCATGGCCTTCCGTGTCCCCACTGCCAACGTGTCAGTGGTGGACCTGACCTGCCGTCTAGAAAAACCTGCCAAATATGATGACATCAAGAAGGTGGTGAAGCAGGCGTCGGAGGGCCCCCTCAAGGGCATCCTGGGCTACACTGAGCACCAGGTGGTCTCCTCTGACTTCAACAGCGACACCCACTCCTCCACCTTTGACGCTGGGGCTGGCATTGCCCTCAACGACCACTTTGTCAAGCTCATTTCCTGGTATGACAACGAATTTGGCTACAGCAACAGGGTGGTGGACCTCATGGCCCACATGGCCTCCAAGGAGTAAGACCCCTGGACCACCAGCCCCAGCAAGAGCACAAGAGGAAGAGAGAGACCCTCACTGCTGGGGAGTCCCTGCCACACTCAGTCCCCCACCACACTGAATCTCCCCTCCTCACAGTTGCCATGTAGACCCCTTGAAGAGGGGAGGGGCCTAGGGAGCCGCACCTTGTCATGTACCATCAATAAAGTACCCTGTGCTCAACCA

Publications

PMID - Link Title
No publications available for this retrocopy