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Example: RPL12P6, GAPDH, ENSG00000237984

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Summary

Retrocopy Name MRPL21P1
Plot displaying the genomic locations of a retrocopy (in chr12) and its respective parental gene (in chr11). Each line represents a retrocopy.
Species Homo sapiens
Coordinates (hg38) chr12:68143353-68143748  UCSC
Coordinates (T2T) chr12:68122876-68123271  UCSC
Coordinates (hg19) chr12:68537133-68537528  UCSC
Strand +
Parental Sequence NM_181514.2
Parental seq. overlap 350 bp
Parental seq. overlap (%) 50.5%
Genomic Region Intergenic
Retrocopy Summary MRPL21P1, located on chr12:68143353-68143748, is a retrocopy of the parental gene MRPL21. Retrocopies of protein-coding genes, also known as processed pseudogenes, are intriguing genomic elements with implications in genome evolution and diseases. While some retrocopies are non-functional, there are examples of retrocopies (retrogenes) acquiring regulatory roles or exhibiting neofunctionalization unrelated to their parental genes.

Parental Gene

Gene Name MRPL21
Full Name mitochondrial ribosomal protein L21
Also known as L21mt|MRP-L21
Coordinate chr11:68891278-68903832
Strand -
Gene summary Mammalian mitochondrial ribosomal proteins are encoded by nuclear genes and help in protein synthesis within the mitochondrion. Mitochondrial ribosomes (mitoribosomes) consist of a small 28S subunit and a large 39S subunit. They have an estimated 75% protein to rRNA composition compared to prokaryotic ribosomes, where this ratio is reversed. Another difference between mammalian mitoribosomes and prokaryotic ribosomes is that the latter contain a 5S rRNA. Among different species, the proteins comprising the mitoribosome differ greatly in sequence, and sometimes in biochemical properties, which prevents easy recognition by sequence homology. This gene encodes a 39S subunit protein. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms were identified through sequence analysis although some may be subject to nonsense-mediated decay (NMD). [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

Homology

Species Scientific Name Retrocopy
Gorilla Gorilla gorilla MRPL21P1
Orangutan Pongo abelii MRPL21P1
Green monkey Chlorocebus sabaeus MRPL21P1
Crab-eating macaque Macaca fascicularis MRPL21P1
Rhesus Macaca mulatta MRPL21P1
Baboon Papio anubis MRPL21P1
Golden snub-nosed monkey Rhinopithecus roxellana MRPL21P1
Marmoset Callithrix jacchus MRPL21P1
Chimpanzee Pan troglodytes Without Homology
Bonobo Pan paniscus Without Homology
Gibbon Nomascus leucogenys Without Homology
Mouse lemur Microcebus murinus Without Homology
Mouse Mus musculus Without Homology
Rat Rattus norvegicus Without Homology
Chinese hamster Cricetulus griseus Without Homology
Rabbit Oryctolagus cuniculus Without Homology
Pig Sus scrofa Without Homology
Cow Bos taurus Without Homology
Sheep Ovis aries Without Homology
Dolphin Tursiops truncatus Without Homology
Horse Equus caballus Without Homology
Dog Canis familiaris Without Homology
Panda Ailuropoda melanoleuca Without Homology
Cat Felis catus Without Homology
Pale spear-nosed bat Phyllostomus discolor Without Homology
Velvety free-tailed bat Molossus molossus Without Homology
Greater mouse-eared bat Myotis myotis Without Homology
Kuhl's pipistrelle Pipistrellus kuhlii Without Homology
Greater horseshoe bat Rhinolophus ferrumequinum Without Homology
Egyptian rousette Rousettus aegyptiacus Without Homology
Sloth Choloepus didactylus Without Homology
Tasmanian Devil Sarcophilus harrisii Without Homology
Opossum Monodelphis domestica Without Homology
Platypus Ornithorhynchus anatinus Without Homology
Chicken Gallus gallus Without Homology
Turkey Meleagris gallopavo Without Homology
Zebra Finch Taeniopygia guttata Without Homology
Budgerigar Melopsittacus undulatus Without Homology
Painted Turtle Chrysemys picta Without Homology
Lizard Anolis Carolinensis Without Homology
Frog Xenopus tropicalis Without Homology
Zebrafish Danio rerio Without Homology
Drosophila Drosophila melanogaster Without Homology

Expression

Related Sequence

>MRPL21P1
GATGGCAGGCTTTTTCCCATGGTGCATTTTGCCAGTCACCAGTGGAAGGTGACCTCTGAAGGTCACCTTAATTGGAAACGGACTAGACCTTGCATGTGGAGAGAGAATTCTACTGAAGAAGGTCCTGCTGGTTGGGGCAGACAACTTCACACTGCTTGGCAAGCCACTCCTCAGAAAGGATCTTGTTTGAGTAGAAGCCATAGTCATTGAAAAGACAGAATCATGGACAAGAGTCATTATGAGATTTAGGAGAAGGAAAAGCTTCAAGAAGAAATAATTCATTGTGACCCCTCAGACCATCCTCCGGATAAACAGCATTGAGATTGCTCTGTGTTTGTTGTAGTCACCGAGTTAGTATTTGCAGAAATATAAAAATAAACTCTTGCTTTCCAAGGA
>NM_181514.2
GTTTCCGGCCGAGGCTGCGGCCATGGCAGCATCTTCCCTGACGGTCACCTTAGGGCGGCTGGCGTCCGCGTGCAGCCACAGCATCCTGAGACCTTCGGGGCCCGGAGCAGCCTCCCTTTGGTCTGCTTCTCGAAGGTTCAATTCACAGAGCACTTCATATCTACCAGGATATGTTCCTAAAACATCCCTGAGTTCACCACCTTGGCCAGAAGTTGTTCTGCCAGACCCAGTTGAGGAGACCAGACACCATGCAGAGGTCGTGAAGAAGGTGAATGAGATGATCGTCACGGGGCAGTATGGCAGGCTCTTTGCCGTGGTGCACTTTGCCAGCCGCCAGTGGAAGGTGACCTCTGAAGACCTGATCTTAATTGGAAATGAACTAGACCTTGCGTGTGGAGAGAGAATTCGACTGGAGAAGGTCCTGCTGGTTGGGGCAGACAACTTCACGCTGCTTGGCAAGCCACTCCTCGGAAAGGATCTTGTTCGAGTAGAAGCCACAGTCATTGAAAAGACAGAATCATGGCCAAGAATCATTATGAGATTCAGGAAAAGGAAAAACTTCAAGAAGAAAAGAATCGTCACGACCCCGCAGACTGTCCTCCGGATAAACAGCATTGAGATTGCTCCGTGTTTGTTGTGATTACCGAGTTAATACTTACAAAAGGATAAAAATAAACTCCTGCTTCCCAAGGA

Publications

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