Imagem 1

Example: RPL12P6, GAPDH, ENSG00000237984

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Summary

Retrocopy Name GLULP4
Plot displaying the genomic locations of a retrocopy (in chr9) and its respective parental gene (in chr1). Each line represents a retrocopy.
Species Homo sapiens
Coordinates (hg38) chr9:34917044-34918405  UCSC
Coordinates (T2T) chr9:34936165-34937526  UCSC
Coordinates (hg19) chr9:34917041-34918402  UCSC
Strand +
Parental Sequence NM_001033044.4
Parental seq. overlap 1241 bp
Parental seq. overlap (%) 16.4%
Genomic Region Intragenic (PHF24)
Retrocopy Summary GLULP4, located on chr9:34917044-34918405, is a retrocopy of the parental gene GLUL. Retrocopies of protein-coding genes, also known as processed pseudogenes, are intriguing genomic elements with implications in genome evolution and diseases. While some retrocopies are non-functional, there are examples of retrocopies (retrogenes) acquiring regulatory roles or exhibiting neofunctionalization unrelated to their parental genes.

Parental Gene

Gene Name GLUL
Full Name glutamate-ammonia ligase
Also known as GLNS|GS|PIG43|PIG59
Coordinate chr1:182378098-182391790
Strand -
Gene summary The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the glutamine synthetase family. It catalyzes the synthesis of glutamine from glutamate and ammonia in an ATP-dependent reaction. This protein plays a role in ammonia and glutamate detoxification, acid-base homeostasis, cell signaling, and cell proliferation. Glutamine is an abundant amino acid, and is important to the biosynthesis of several amino acids, pyrimidines, and purines. Mutations in this gene are associated with congenital glutamine deficiency, and overexpression of this gene was observed in some primary liver cancer samples. There are six pseudogenes of this gene found on chromosomes 2, 5, 9, 11, and 12. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2014]

Homology

Species Scientific Name Retrocopy
Chimpanzee Pan troglodytes GLULP3
Bonobo Pan paniscus GLULP3
Gorilla Gorilla gorilla GLULP3
Orangutan Pongo abelii GLULP3
Gibbon Nomascus leucogenys GLULP2
Green monkey Chlorocebus sabaeus GLULP3
Golden snub-nosed monkey Rhinopithecus roxellana GLULP4
Crab-eating macaque Macaca fascicularis Without Homology
Rhesus Macaca mulatta Without Homology
Baboon Papio anubis Without Homology
Marmoset Callithrix jacchus Without Homology
Mouse lemur Microcebus murinus Without Homology
Mouse Mus musculus Without Homology
Rat Rattus norvegicus Without Homology
Chinese hamster Cricetulus griseus Without Homology
Rabbit Oryctolagus cuniculus Without Homology
Pig Sus scrofa Without Homology
Cow Bos taurus Without Homology
Sheep Ovis aries Without Homology
Dolphin Tursiops truncatus Without Homology
Horse Equus caballus Without Homology
Dog Canis familiaris Without Homology
Panda Ailuropoda melanoleuca Without Homology
Cat Felis catus Without Homology
Pale spear-nosed bat Phyllostomus discolor Without Homology
Velvety free-tailed bat Molossus molossus Without Homology
Greater mouse-eared bat Myotis myotis Without Homology
Kuhl's pipistrelle Pipistrellus kuhlii Without Homology
Greater horseshoe bat Rhinolophus ferrumequinum Without Homology
Egyptian rousette Rousettus aegyptiacus Without Homology
Sloth Choloepus didactylus Without Homology
Tasmanian Devil Sarcophilus harrisii Without Homology
Opossum Monodelphis domestica Without Homology
Platypus Ornithorhynchus anatinus Without Homology
Chicken Gallus gallus Without Homology
Turkey Meleagris gallopavo Without Homology
Zebra Finch Taeniopygia guttata Without Homology
Budgerigar Melopsittacus undulatus Without Homology
Painted Turtle Chrysemys picta Without Homology
Lizard Anolis Carolinensis Without Homology
Frog Xenopus tropicalis Without Homology
Zebrafish Danio rerio Without Homology
Drosophila Drosophila melanogaster Without Homology

Expression

Related Sequence

>GLULP4
GAGAGTCAAGAGTGGGTGAAGAGCGGAGCGTGTGAGCAGCACAGAGGCcGCGGCCTACCTTTACCGGCCCGTCTGCTCGGCACCCAGAACACCTTCCACCATGACCACCTCAGCATGTTCCCACTTAAATAAAGGCATCAAGCAGGTGTACATATCCCTGCCTCAGGGTGAGAAAGTCCGGGTCATGTATATCTGGATCGATGGTACTGGAAAAGGACTGCACTGCAAGACCTGGACCCTGGACAGTGAGCCCAAGTGTGTGGAAGAGTTGCCTGAGGGGAATTTTGATGGCTCTATAGTACTTTACAGTCTGAAGGCTCCAACAGTGACATGTATCTCGTTCCTGCTGCTATGTTTAAGGACCCTTTCCGTAAGGATCCTAACAAGCTGGTATTGTGTGAAGTTTTCAAGTACAATCGAAAGCCTGCAGAGACCAATTTGAGGCACACCTGTAAACGGATAATCGACGTGATGAGCAACCAGCACCCCTGGTTTGGCATGGAGCAGGAATATACCCTCATGGGGACAAATGGCCACCCCTTTGGTTGGCCTTCCAGTGGCTTCCCGGGGCCTCAGACTCCATATTACTGCAGTGTGGGAGCAGACAGAACCTATGGCAGGGACATCGTGGAGGCTCATTACAGCGCCTGCTTGTATGCTGGAGTCAGGATTGTGGGGACTAATGCCAATCATGCCTCCCCAGTGAGAATTTCAAATTGGACCCTGTGAAGGAATCAGCATGGGAGATCATCTCTGGGTGGCTCGTTTCATCTTGCATCGTGTGTGTGAAGACTTTGGAGTGATAGCAACCTTTGATCCTAAGCCCATTCCTGGGAACTGGAATGGTGCAGGCTGCCATACCAACTTTAGCACCAAGGCCATGTGGGAGGAGAATGGTCTGAAATACACTGGGGAGGCCATCAAGAAATTAAGCAAGCGACACCAGTACCACATCTGTGCCTGTGATCCCAAAGGAGGCCTGGACAAGGCCCGACACCTAACTGGATTCCATGAAACCTCCAACATCAACAACTTTTCTGCTGGTGTAGCCAATCGTAGCGCCAGCATATGCATTCCCTGGACTGTCGGCCAGGAGAAGAAGGGTTACTTTGAAGACCATCACCCCTCTGCCAACTGTGACCCCTTTTCGGTGACAGAAGCCCTCATCCGCACGTGTCTTCTCAATGAAACTGGTGATGAGCCCTTCCAGTACAAAAACTAAGTGGACTAGACCTCCAGCTGTCGAGCCCCTCCTAGTTCTTCATCCCACTCCAACTCTTCCCCCTCTCCCAGTTGTCCCAATTGTAACTCGAAGGGTGAATACCAAGGTC
>NM_001033044.4
AGAGTCGAGAGTGGGAGAAGAGCGGAGCGTGTGAGCAGTACTGCGGCctcctctcctctcctaacctcgctctcGCGGCCTAGCTTTACCCGCCCGCCTGCTCGGCGACCAGAACACCTTCCACCATGACCACCTCAGCAAGTTCCCACTTAAATAAAGGCATCAAGCAGGTGTACATGTCCCTGCCTCAGGGTGAGAAAGTCCAGGCCATGTATATCTGGATCGATGGTACTGGAGAAGGACTGCGCTGCAAGACCCGGACCCTGGACAGTGAGCCCAAGTGTGTGGAAGAGTTGCCTGAGTGGAATTTCGATGGCTCTAGTACTTTACAGTCTGAGGGTTCCAACAGTGACATGTATCTCGTGCCTGCTGCCATGTTTCGGGACCCCTTCCGTAAGGACCCTAACAAGCTGGTGTTATGTGAAGTTTTCAAGTACAATCGAAGGCCTGCAGAGACCAATTTGAGGCACACCTGTAAACGGATAATGGACATGGTGAGCAACCAGCACCCCTGGTTTGGCATGGAGCAGGAGTATACCCTCATGGGGACAGATGGGCACCCCTTTGGTTGGCCTTCCAACGGCTTCCCAGGGCCCCAGGGTCCATATTACTGTGGTGTGGGAGCAGACAGAGCCTATGGCAGGGACATCGTGGAGGCCCATTACCGGGCCTGCTTGTATGCTGGAGTCAAGATTGCGGGGACTAATGCCGAGGTCATGCCTGCCCAGTGGGAATTTCAGATTGGACCTTGTGAAGGAATCAGCATGGGAGATCATCTCTGGGTGGCCCGTTTCATCTTGCATCGTGTGTGTGAAGACTTTGGAGTGATAGCAACCTTTGATCCTAAGCCCATTCCTGGGAACTGGAATGGTGCAGGCTGCCATACCAACTTCAGCACCAAGGCCATGCGGGAGGAGAATGGTCTGAAGTACATCGAGGAGGCCATTGAGAAACTAAGCAAGCGGCACCAGTACCACATCCGTGCCTATGATCCCAAGGGAGGCCTGGACAATGCCCGACGTCTAACTGGATTCCATGAAACCTCCAACATCAACGACTTTTCTGCTGGTGTAGCCAATCGTAGCGCCAGCATACGCATTCCCCGGACTGTTGGCCAGGAGAAGAAGGGTTACTTTGAAGATCGTCGCCCCTCTGCCAACTGCGACCCCTTTTCGGTGACAGAAGCCCTCATCCGCACGTGTCTTCTCAATGAAACCGGCGATGAGCCCTTCCAGTACAAAAATTAAGTGGACTAGACCTCCAGCTGTTGAGCCCCTCCTAGTTCTTCATCCCACTCCAACTCTTCCCCCTCTCCCAGTTGTCCCGATTGTAACTCAAAGGGTGGAATATCAAGGTCGTTTTTTTCATTCCATGTGCCCAGTTAATCTTGCTTTCTTTGTTTGGCTGGGATAGAGGGGTCAAGTTATTAATTTCTTCACACCTACCCTCCTTTTTTTCCCTATCACTGAAGCTTTTTAGTGCATTAGTGGGGAGGAGGGTGGGGAGACATAACCACTGCTTCCATTTAATGGGGTGCACCTGTCCAATAGGCGTAGCTATCCGGACAGAGCACGTTTGCAGAAGGGGGTCTCTTCTTCCAGGTAGCTGAAAGGGGAAGACCTGACGTACTCTGGTTAGGTTAGGACTTGCCCTCGTGGTGGAAACTTTTCTTAAAAAGTTATAACCAACTTTTCTATTAAAAGTGGGAATTAGGAGAGAAGGTAGGGGTTGGGAATCAGAGAGAATGGCTTTGGTCTCTTGCTTGTGGGACTAGCCTGGCTTGGGACTAAATGCCCTGCTCTGAACACGAAGCTTAGTATAAACTGATGGATATCCCTACCTTGAAAGAAGAAAAGGTTCTTACTGCTTGGTCCTTGATTTATCACACAAAGCAGAATAGTATTTTTATATTTAAATGTAAAGACAAAAAACTATATGTATGGTTTTGTGGATTATGTGTGTTTTGCTAAAGGAAAAAACCATCCAGGTCACGGGGCACCAAATTTGAGACAAATAGTCGGATTAGAAATAAAGCATCTCATTTTGAGTAGAGAGCAAGGGAAGTGGTTCTTAGATGGTGATCTGGGATTAGGCCCTCAAGACCCTTTTGGGTTTCTGCCCTGCCCACCCTCTGGAGAAGGTGGGCACTGGATTAGTTAACAGACAACACGTTACTAGCAGTCACTTGATCTCCGTGGCTTTGGTTTAAAAGACACACTTGTCCACATAGGTTTAGAGATAAGAGTTGGCTGGTCAACTTGAGCATGTTACTGACAGAGGGGGTATTGGGGTTATTTTCTGGTAGGAATAGCATGTCACTAAAGCAGGCCTTTTGATATTAAATTTTTTAAAAAGCAAAATTATAGAAGTTTAGATTTTAATCAAATTTGTAGGGTTTCTAGGTAATTTTTACAGAATTGCTTGTTTGCTTCAACTGTCTCCTACCTCTGCTCTTGGAGGAGATGGGGACAGGGCTGGAGTCAAAACACTTGTAATTTTGTATCTTGATGTCTTTGTTAAGACTGCTGAAGAATTATTTTTTTTCTTTTATAATAAGGAATAAACCCCACCTTTATTCCTTCATTTCATCTACCATTTTCTGGTTCTTGTGTTGGCTGTGGCAGGCCAGCTGTGGTTTTCTTTTGCCATGACAACTTCTAATTGCCATGTACAGTATGTTCAAAGTCAAATAACTCCTCATTGTAAACAAACTGTGTAACTGCCCAAAGCAGCACTTATAAATCAGCCTAACATAAGATCTCTCTGATGTGTTTGTGATTCTTTCAAATCCCTATGTGCCATTATATTTCTTTATTTCCTAAAACAGGCAAAATAAGCTCAAGTTTATGTACTCTGAGTTTTTAAAACACTGGAGTGATGTTGCTGACCAGCCGTTTCCTGTACCTCTCTAAGTTGGGTATTTGGGACTTAAGGGATTAAGTTTTTCACCTAGACTTAGTTACACACAATCTTGGCATTTCCTAGCCTAGAGGTTTGTAGCAGGGTACAAGCCCCACTCCTCCCCCTTCCTTTGCTCCCCTGAGTTTGGTTTTGGCTTACCATAACATTGTTTTGACCATTCCTAGCCTAATACAATAGCCTAACATAATGTAAGATTAACTGGCTTTACGATTTCTATTCTCTGCTCTCAGTGATAAGAAACAAATATTAGCTACCCTGCTACCCTGGTTGAAGCCTTCCAAGGCTGGCTATGCCCTAGGCATGGGCTCATCCTTGGGTGTATCTTGCCTTGCAGGAAGACCAGTGGACCGATTGTGATTCTCAAAAGCTCTGTGTTGTCACCTGTGCCCTTGCCCCTTGCTCTTATCTTGGTCCGTGTATCTGGGAGTTCTTCCACCTTATCTTGGCCAATTCCTACCTTCGTTCATTCCTCATGAGGTTGGGTAAAAGCTCCCTCCGGCTCCCATGATGCTGTGCATATACCTAGCAAAAAGCAATTATTGGACACATTGGAGTGCAATATTATTAATAGCATTAATACTACTAATAATGTGGGCAATAGTGATTGTTTTTAAAAGGCAGTATACTCTTACCAGTGCGAGGTAGCTGGGGCCTGTGATAGTTTTTAGAGATAAGTTCTTCAGGCAACTGTGTATTTTACACTAGTCAAGTAATCCTAGATATCCGTGGTTTTTCTTAAGAAAGTTGGCTCGTAATATGATTTAATATTCAAAGTAGAGTCATCTACCTATTAGCTTGCTGGCGTGGTCCTAGTTTATGCCTGTTTCAGCATGATTGTTGAGTACCCTGTTTCATCCTTAGCATTTTCTTGATTTTGTTGTTAAATGATGTATACCCTTATTTCCATTGAATCTGTGCTTCCACCCCCCCAACTGAAGTTGTCTTCCCTTTGCTTGGCCACCCTTACAGCCTCTTGGATGGTGTATCCTACAGTGTAAGCACTAAACTGAAGAGGCAGTGACCTGAGCACTTTGGATTTTGTTCATTGTAATCAATTCCATGACAAAATGATTGCATGAGAAGGAATTTTAAATTCATAGGATCAGAATTTAGGTGAAAACAACCAGCATATTTGTTTCTTCACCCTCTCACCTAGAATTAGCTTTGACCTACAGGTCACAGTGCAATCCCCTTGTATTTCTAAGGTGTTTTTTATAGTTCATTTGCAGACAATGGGTTATGTGATAACTTTTATCAGTGATAGATTAAACAGAATAATGACCAAGCTTTCAACCTTAAGGAGTCAGGCCAGTATTTACAAAAGGAGGTCTCCATGAACTCCTTAAATATGAGTTCCCCTAATATCATCTTGCCAGGTACTAAATAACAACTGATAGCACAAGCTATAGGGAATTTGAAAGAATTCCATGGATGGGTGTTGTCTAGGGCCttttgttgtttttgagacggggtctgactctcacccaggctggagtatagtgtggcgcaatcttggctcactgcaacttctgcctcccagattcaagcgattctcctgcctcagcctcccaagtagctgagactacaggtgtgcaccaccatgctcagctaatttttgtatttttagtacagatggggtttcaccatgttggccaggctggtcttgaactcctgatctcccaaagtgaggtcttgaactggtcttgaactcctccacctcccaaagtgctgggattacaggcgtgagccactgcacccggccTAGGGCCATGTAAAAAGCCAGATCTGTGCTGCTGTCTGTGTAGAAGGGTAGACAAGTGGATGAGAAGTTCCTGAACTATTCTTGGCCCTTTTACCACTAAGTGAAAGTAACTTGCTGCCCCAAAGAAAGATGTCTCATCATTCGACAGGACTTTCTAGTtgaacttcatgaaagcaagagatcctgtttttcttgctcaccactgtatcttgagacctgttgtagtgcctgCAATACTTATTTAATAAGTTATTTTTAAGTATCAGTTTTGTGAGCTTTAACTCTATGAGGTCTTTGTTGTTTGACTGTATTTTAACTCTGGCCATGACAGCAAGACAAAGTTCCATTTTTATTGAGCTTAAAAAGAATCAAggccaggtgaagtggcttacgcctgtgatcccaacactttgtgaggctgcagcaggaggatctcttgagcccaggagtttgagaccgttctaggcaatgtagtgaggtccagactccacaaaataatttttttttaaattgcacgcctgtagtctcagctatcaggaggctgagatgggaggatgacttgagcccaggaaattgaagctgcagtgaattgtgattgcaccactgcactccagcctgggtgacagatcaagaccttgcctaaacaaaacaaaacaaacaaaaCCCCAAAAAACAAATTGAAAATGTTGATTCTTTTTACTACAAACATTATGGCAGCACTAAAAACTTCGTGGGAGTGTACTGTGGAAAATAGTGTACTTAATTAATTCTCATTGTAATCAGGCTACCAAGAGCCTTGTGTTGCTTTAAGAGTTATAACTgccaggcacagtggctcatgcctataatcccagcaccttgagaggccgaggcaggtggatcacctgagatcgggagtttgagaccagccgggccaatatggtgaaacaagctgtgtctctactaaatacaaaaaattagccgggcgtggtggcacatgcctgtaatcccagctgcttgggagactgagacaggagaattgcttgaacctggaaggcggaggttgcagtgagctgagattgcaacattgtactccagcctgggcaacaagagggaaactccatctcaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaGTTGTAACTGAggctgggcatggtggctcatacctgtaatcccagcactttgaaaagccgaggcaggtagatcacttgagctcagaagttcgagactagcctgggcaacatgacaaaaccccatctctacaaaaaatacgaaaaattagctgggcgtggtggcatgcacctgtagtcctagctacctgggaggctgaggtgggaagattacttgaagctgcagtgagccatggttgtgccactgccctccagtctgggcaacaaagtgagaccctgtctcaaaaaaacaaaaaaaaaTTATAACTGATGTAAACTGGCAGTTTAggctgggtgtggtggctcaagcctgtaatcctagcactttgggaggccaaggcaggtggatcacctgagttcaggagttcgagaccagcgtggccaacatggtgaaaccttgtctctattaaaaataccaaaattagcaagatgtggtggtgggtgcctataattccagctactcaggaggctgaggcaggaggatcgctggagccagggaggcagaggttacagtaagcaaagatcactccacttcactccagcctgggcaaaagagtgagacatatcaaaaaataaacaaataaataaataaaTAAGTGGCAGTTCATCATTTAACTCCAAAGACTTTGCGTACATTTCTACTGAAAACAATCTGAGCTGATTAGAACCCTGCCATTTTATAGCCTTTAGCTCGATCTCCGACCGTTCATTTAAAAAAATTCTACTTCAggccgggcatggtggctcaagcctgtaatcccatcactgtaggaggccaaagtgggcagatcacttaaggtcaggagtttgagaccagcctggccaccatggtgaaaccccatctctactaaaaatacaaaaattagccgggcttggtggtgagcacctgtaatcccaccctgccgagtggcaggctgaggcaggagaatcgcttgagcccaagagccggaggttgcagtgagccaagcttgcaccattgcactccagcctaggcaacagagtgtgactccatctcaagaaaaaaaaaaTTCTATTTCATTTTACAATATGCAGATATATGTCCATACACATGCATAATATAAATGTATACCATATTTGTGAGAATATGCATATATGTACACATTAGATACACAATACAAGCACAATACATATGTCTTTTGCCCAAGATACAGCATTTTGTAAAGGAGACAGGAATTTAGTAATATATGTTCCAGAAACAGTACACAAGAGAATTCGCCGAGATGAGAAAGTTGTCACTAGGAATGGGGAGTGGTAAGATGTAGAAGGTATAATTGTTCTTAAAGTTCTACTGCCAACTCTTTCCAATTAATTACCCACTCTGCCATGCTTTATGGACAGGAGGTTGTCGGACACTGTCAATTAATAAATATTTGAGCATGATACACTGCTTGGAGCTCCTCTAATATAGGAGAGTGATATCCTAGTGCATGTTACAGAGGGAGTGTCCACACAGTTCCTATTGTCATTTGATGAGTTACTTTTCAGGGGCCTTGTACCTGAGCAAGTTGTCCTCTTTTTGATGGATTTCAGATTGAGTTACCTGCATTGTCTTGAGATTGCAGCGTGTTTCCTCCACTGTACGGCGTAGTCAGCAGATCTATTAGTTAAACTCCAGTGGGCCCTCAGTCACTAAATCTATCCTCTGTGTTGAAGGCTTTCTGCATTTGCCTTTCAATAAAGGTTTAGAATAAC

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