Imagem 1

Example: RPL12P6, GAPDH, ENSG00000237984

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Summary

Retrocopy Name GLUD1P4
Plot displaying the genomic locations of a retrocopy (in chr18) and its respective parental gene (in chr10). Each line represents a retrocopy.
Species Homo sapiens
Coordinates (hg38) chr18:59778577-59779309  UCSC
Coordinates (T2T) chr18:59981242-59981974  UCSC
Coordinates (hg19) chr18:57445809-57446541  UCSC
Strand +
Parental Sequence NM_001318901.1
Parental seq. overlap 634 bp
Parental seq. overlap (%) 19.2%
Genomic Region Intergenic
Retrocopy Summary GLUD1P4, located on chr18:59778577-59779309, is a retrocopy of the parental gene GLUD1. Retrocopies of protein-coding genes, also known as processed pseudogenes, are intriguing genomic elements with implications in genome evolution and diseases. While some retrocopies are non-functional, there are examples of retrocopies (retrogenes) acquiring regulatory roles or exhibiting neofunctionalization unrelated to their parental genes.

Parental Gene

Gene Name GLUD1
Full Name glutamate dehydrogenase 1
Also known as GDH|GDH1|GLUD|hGDH1
Coordinate chr10:87050202-87094843
Strand -
Gene summary This gene encodes glutamate dehydrogenase, which is a mitochondrial matrix enzyme that catalyzes the oxidative deamination of glutamate to alpha-ketoglutarate and ammonia. This enzyme has an important role in regulating amino acid-induced insulin secretion. It is allosterically activated by ADP and inhibited by GTP and ATP. Activating mutations in this gene are a common cause of congenital hyperinsulinism. Alternative splicing of this gene results in multiple transcript variants. The related glutamate dehydrogenase 2 gene on the human X-chromosome originated from this gene via retrotransposition and encodes a soluble form of glutamate dehydrogenase. Related pseudogenes have been identified on chromosomes 10, 18 and X. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2016]

Homology

Species Scientific Name Retrocopy
Chimpanzee Pan troglodytes GLUD1P1
Bonobo Pan paniscus GLUD1P1
Gorilla Gorilla gorilla GLUD1P1
Orangutan Pongo abelii GLUD1P2
Gibbon Nomascus leucogenys LOC100587725P1
Green monkey Chlorocebus sabaeus LOC103215860P3
Crab-eating macaque Macaca fascicularis LOC101926166P2
Rhesus Macaca mulatta GLUD1P2
Golden snub-nosed monkey Rhinopithecus roxellana GLUD1P2
Baboon Papio anubis Without Homology
Marmoset Callithrix jacchus Without Homology
Mouse lemur Microcebus murinus Without Homology
Mouse Mus musculus Without Homology
Rat Rattus norvegicus Without Homology
Chinese hamster Cricetulus griseus Without Homology
Rabbit Oryctolagus cuniculus Without Homology
Pig Sus scrofa Without Homology
Cow Bos taurus Without Homology
Sheep Ovis aries Without Homology
Dolphin Tursiops truncatus Without Homology
Horse Equus caballus Without Homology
Dog Canis familiaris Without Homology
Panda Ailuropoda melanoleuca Without Homology
Cat Felis catus Without Homology
Pale spear-nosed bat Phyllostomus discolor Without Homology
Velvety free-tailed bat Molossus molossus Without Homology
Greater mouse-eared bat Myotis myotis Without Homology
Kuhl's pipistrelle Pipistrellus kuhlii Without Homology
Greater horseshoe bat Rhinolophus ferrumequinum Without Homology
Egyptian rousette Rousettus aegyptiacus Without Homology
Sloth Choloepus didactylus Without Homology
Tasmanian Devil Sarcophilus harrisii Without Homology
Opossum Monodelphis domestica Without Homology
Platypus Ornithorhynchus anatinus Without Homology
Chicken Gallus gallus Without Homology
Turkey Meleagris gallopavo Without Homology
Zebra Finch Taeniopygia guttata Without Homology
Budgerigar Melopsittacus undulatus Without Homology
Painted Turtle Chrysemys picta Without Homology
Lizard Anolis Carolinensis Without Homology
Frog Xenopus tropicalis Without Homology
Zebrafish Danio rerio Without Homology
Drosophila Drosophila melanogaster Without Homology

Expression

Related Sequence

>GLUD1P4
GCATTATGGTTATTCCAGATCTCTACATGAATGCCAAAGGAGAGACAGCATCCAACTTTGAGTGGCTGAAGAATCTAAATCATGTCAGCTATGGCTGTTTGACCTTCAAATATGAAAGGGAGTGTAACTACCACTTGCTAATATCTGTTCAAGAGAATTTAGCAAGAAAATTTGGAAAGCACAGTGGAACTATTCTCATTATACCCACAGCAGAGTTCCAAGACAGGATATCAGGTGCATCAGAGAAAGACACCATGCATGCTGACTTGGTGTACGCAATGGAGAGTTCTGCCAGGCAAATTTTGTGCATAGCCATGAGGTATAACCTGGGATTGGACATGAGGACCACCGTCTATGTCAACGCCATTGAGAAAGTGTTCAAAGTATACAATGAAGCCAGAGTGACCTTCACGTAGATGGCTCATGGGTGACTTCCTTGCTACCCTCTTCACCTGTAACTTCTGCAGACCTACCACAGGTTTACATGTTACCACAGAAATCCCCTTCTCTCTTGACTCATTAGATAATGGACACTATTCTTAACAAATCGATCCAAATCAGCTCCCTAAGAAGAAAGTAATTAAGGTTAGGGGATCATGTACACTCTGATGACGGTGAAAGTAGAAATCACTGACACCAGAGAGAGAGACATGTAGGTGTGTTGCCTCTAAATGAAAAGTCTCTTCCATCTGGCTGTGCAGCCTTGCTCTGTGGCTCTTCCCAACACAGTCAG
>NM_001318901.1
GTATATGCTGATCTTGCATGCAGAGTAGACGCTGCACCGGTCTCCTTTTGGTCCCGGTGTCTGTGTCACACACGGCGGGTCCTGCCGAAATGCACTTCTAGGAAAGGGAATGACCTGCCCGTGTGATAATGCCTCGTCAGTGTTCTTGGGCTTTTATGCCCAGCTCTCTCCTGTTTTTATAAGTCGCAGCTCCGCAAACTCACTGAAGCAACTCGTTTACCATAGTTTTTACTACATGTACCTGAGGCCGTTAGATTTGTCTGTGTTAAGGATTTGAAAGGAGGCAGAAATTAATACAGATTCAAGTGTTCACTATCAAGTCGGAATTGTTAATATGTGAAATACTACTGTTAAAGGCAGGAAAGGCTTTATTAAGGACAAGAAGACAAACTAGGAGAAGGAGCTACTCAAGACCTTCCGATTATCTTTACAAAAAGGCAACTACACCTAGAAGATTCTGCAGCCACACACATTCTGCCTTCACTTGAGGTCAACTGCCTTCACCAAGGTATCCGTTACAGCACTGATGTGAGTGTAGATGAAGTAAAAGCTTTGGCTTCTCTGATGACATACAAGTGTGCAGTGGTTGATGTGCCGTTTGGGGGTGCTAAAGCTGGTGTTAAGATCAATCCCAAGAACTATACTGATAATGAATTGGAAAAGATCACAAGGAGGTTCACCATGGAGCTAGCAAAAAAGGGCTTTATTGGTCCTGGCATTGATGTGCCTGCTCCAGACATGAGCACAGGTGAGCGGGAGATGTCCTGGATCGCTGATACCTATGCCAGCACCATAGGGCACTATGATATTAATGCACACGCCTGTGTTACTGGTAAACCCATCAGCCAAGGGGGAATCCATGGACGCATCTCTGCTACTGGCCGTGGTGTCTTCCATGGGATTGAAAATTTCATCAATGAAGCTTCTTACATGAGCATTTTAGGAATGACACCAGGGTTTGGAGATAAAACATTTGTTGTTCAGGGATTTGGTAATGTGGGCCTACACTCTATGAGATATTTACATCGTTTTGGTGCTAAATGTATTGCTGTTGGTGAGTCTGATGGGAGTATATGGAATCCAGATGGTATTGACCCAAAGGAACTGGAAGACTTCAAATTGCAACATGGGTCCATTCTGGGCTTCCCCAAGGCAAAGCCCTATGAAGGAAGCATCTTGGAGGCCGACTGTGACATACTGATCCCAGCTGCCAGTGAGAAGCAGTTGACCAAATCCAACGCACCCAGAGTCAAAGCCAAGATCATTGCTGAAGGTGCCAATGGGCCAACAACTCCAGAAGCTGACAAGATCTTCCTGGAGAGAAACATTATGGTTATTCCAGATCTCTACTTGAATGCTGGAGGAGTGACAGTATCTTACTTTGAGTGGCTGAAGAATCTAAATCATGTCAGCTATGGCCGTTTGACCTTCAAATATGAAAGGGATTCTAACTACCACTTGCTCATGTCTGTTCAAGAGAGTTTAGAAAGAAAATTTGGAAAGCATGGTGGAACTATTCCCATTGTACCCACGGCAGAGTTCCAAGACAGGATATCGGGTGCATCTGAGAAAGACATCGTGCACTCTGGCTTGGCATACACAATGGAGCGTTCTGCCAGGCAAATTATGCGCACAGCCATGAAGTATAACCTGGGATTGGACCTGAGAACAGCTGCCTATGTTAATGCCATTGAGAAAGTCTTCAAAGTGTACAATGAAGCTGGTGTGACCTTCACATAGATGGATCATGGCTGACTTCCTCACTATCCTCTTCACATGTAACTTCTGCAGACCTATCACAAGTTTACATGTAACCACAGAAATCCCTTTCTCTCCTGACTCATTAATAATGGATACCATTCTCAACAAGTCAATCCAAGTCAGCCCGTTAAGGAGAAAGAAATTAAGGTTAGCGGATCATGTACAAGCTGAGTGTGAAAGTAGAAATCACCTACACCAGAGAGCCATTTTGGTATTTTGCCTTTAAATAAAAAGCCTCCTTTATCTGGCTGTGCAGCCTTGCTCTGTGGCTTTTCCCAACACAATCAGTGCTAGTGCTGGGGAGGAACAGTCAAGAGCAGTCAGTTGCTTGCTTATTTTTTCTGGATGAGTCTGGGACACACTGTAACTTTAACACATTTAAGAAGTAGGTGTGTGGCCTTTTCAGAAGGTGGCATGGTCCTCAAGTGAGTTCTTAGTATTTTATATCAGCAAAATAATTCAATTTTGCAGGTTGCAAACAAATATAAAACCTGTTTCTGTTTATGAATATTATTCTTTTAGAATAGAATAAGTACATGCTGCTGTAATAAAATTGCCTTTAATCACTTAACAAGCCTAACCTTGACTCAAACAGTGAATGCCTATAGAAATAATAAATGAAAAAAACTAGTATTTTTATATCATAAAACAATGTCATTTATAGCTTATCATTCATGTATTGTCCAGCAGACATTAAAAGCCCTGTGGATAATTAAGTTATCTTCATACCTGCAAAATGGTGGAGGCTATTTTCATTAAAACTGTCAGAATTTGCTTACTATAATTATGATACAGTCCAAAGAATGCAGTCACTTTTTATCATGTTAACTAATTGTTCTCTTTTGAAGATCTATGGTTGACTAATTAAACAATAATTCAAGTAGAGTGTCCCAGAAAAAAACCACTTGGGCTCCCTGTTTGGAGTCTGGCTGGCTCTGAGCATTGCCAATGGCCCCTACTCACCTGACTTTGTATCCTCTCCTTTTAGAGGCTTTGCATTCTGCACCCAGCTTCACTAACAGTGGGCTGAAAACATCCTTGGGTTGAGTGTTTCATTTGGGAGTTATTTGGCCAGGGCCTTTTGAACAGTAGTGTCCCCATGAAGTGCTAGATAATATATGTGTAAGAGTCAGCTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTAACTCTAACACCCTTCAGAAATTTCTAACTACTTTGTAACTGCATGGCTTAACCTGGTGATAAAAGCAGTTATTAAAAGTCTACGTTTTCCAAAACTTACGTTTCTTTTCTGTGTTTTTACATGTGGTAGTTTCTCTTTTCATAAGTTATAATACTGCAATTGGATTTCTGAAATGTTTATAGCGACCACCTGTATAACATTTCCTTCCACTTTATTGTGAGCTGCCCAGATTTTATTCTTGAATTGTTTTTTTTTTTTTTGttcggtgctttacacgttcagagaaacttcccgagtaacgaactatagaaatgatccctgaaagcatagtcttTATTCTCGAATTATTTTGTATTTTATTAAATAATATGAACAGCT

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